Brassica ogura restorer lines with shortened raphanus fragment (srf)

ABSTRACT

New  Brassica Ogura  fertility restorer lines with a shortened  Raphanus  fragment are provided. The new lines lack the OPC2 marker and are capable of fully restoring fertility in  Ogura  cytoplasmic male sterile (cms) plants. The improved lines were developed using a new breeding method. The new breeding method can be used to shorten an exotic insertion comprising a gene of interest in any plant.

CROSS-REFERENCE

This application is a Divisional Application of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/366,155, filed Feb. 5, 2008, now Allowed, which claims the benefit U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/026,604, filed Feb. 6, 2008 and U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/054,857 filed May 21, 2008, both of which are incorporated herein by reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to new Brassica lines having a shortened Raphanus fragment which includes the fertility restorer gene for Ogura cytoplasmic male sterility. The invention also relates to a new breeding method to shorten an exotic insertion comprising a gene of interest in any plant.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Oilseed from Brassica plants is an increasingly important crop. As a source of vegetable oil, it presently ranks behind only soybeans and palm in commercial market volume. The oil is used for many purposes such as salad oil and cooking oil. Upon extraction of the oil, the meal is used as a feed source.

In its original form, Brassica seed, known as rapeseed, was harmful to humans due to its relatively high level of erucic acid in the oil and high level of glucosinolates in the meal. Erucic acid is commonly present in native cultivars in concentrations of 30 to 50 percent by weight based upon the total fatty acid content. Glucosinolates are undesirable in Brassica seeds since they can lead to the production of anti-nutritional breakdown products upon enzymatic cleavage during oil extraction and digestion. The erucic acid problem was overcome when plant scientists identified a germplasm source of low erucic acid rapeseed oil (Stefansson, “The Development of Improved Rapeseed Cultivars.” (Chapter 6) in “High and Low Erucic Acid Rapeseed Oils” edited by John K. G. Kramer, Frank D. Sauer. and Wallace J. Pigden. Academic Press Canada, Toronto (1983)). More recently, plant scientists have focused their efforts on reducing the total glucosinolate content to levels less than 20 μmol/gram of whole seeds at 8.5% moisture. This can be determined by nuclear resonance imaging (NRI) or by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (International Organization for Standardization, reference number ISO 91671:1992).

Particularly attractive to plant scientists were so-called “double-low” varieties: those varieties low in erucic acid in the oil and low in glucosinolates in the solid meal remaining after oil extraction (i.e., an erucic acid content of less than 2 percent by weight based upon the total fatty acid content, and a glucosinolate content of less than 30 μmol/gram of the oil-free meal). These higher quality forms of rape, first developed in Canada, are known as canola.

In addition, plant scientists have attempted to improve the fatty acid profile for rapeseed oil (Robbelen, “Changes and Limitations of Breeding for Improved Polyenic Fatty Acids Content in Rapeseed.” (Chapter 10) in “Biotechnology for the Oils and Fats Industry” edited by Colin Ratledge, Peter Dawson and James Rattray, American Oil Chemists' Society, (1984); Ratledge, Colin, Dawson, Peter and Rattray, James, (1984) Biotechnology for the Oils and Fats Industry. American Oil Chemists' Society, Champaign; 328 pp; Robbelen, and Nitsch. Genetical and Physiological Investigations on Mutants for Polyenic Fatty Acids in Rapeseed, Brassica napus L. Z. Planzenzuchta., 75:93-105, (1975); Rako and McGregor. “Opportunities and Problems in Modification of Levels of Rapeseed C18 Unsaturated Fatty Acids.” J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. (1973) 50(10):400-403). These references are representative of those attempts.

Currently, both open pollinated varieties and hybrids of Brassica are grown. In developing improved Brassica hybrids, breeders can utilize different pollination control systems, such as self incompatible (SI), cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) and nuclear male sterile (NMS) Brassica plants as the female parent. In hybrid crop breeding plant breeders exploit the phenomenon of heterosis or hybrid vigor which results in higher crop yields (grain or biomass) from the combination or hybridization of a male and a female line. Using these plants, breeders are attempting to improve the efficiency of seed production and the quality of the F1 hybrids and to reduce the breeding costs. When hybridisation is conducted without using SI, CMS or NMS plants in a two-way cross, it is more difficult to obtain and isolate the desired traits in the progeny (F1 generation) because the parents are capable of undergoing both cross-pollination and self-pollination. If one of the parents is a SI, CMS or NMS plant that is incapable of producing pollen, only cross pollination will occur. By eliminating the pollen of one parental variety in a two-way cross, a plant breeder is assured of obtaining hybrid seed of uniform quality, provided that the parents are of uniform quality and the breeder conducts a single cross.

In one instance, production of F1 hybrids includes crossing a CMS Brassica female parent, with a pollen producing male Brassica parent. To reproduce effectively, however, the male parent of the F1 hybrid must have a fertility restorer gene (Rf gene). The presence of an Rf gene means that the F1 generation will not be completely or partially sterile, so that either self-pollination or cross pollination may occur. Self pollination of the F1 generation is desirable to ensure the F1 plants produce an excellent yield for the grower. Self pollination of the F1 generation is also desirable to ensure that a desired trait is heritable and stable.

One type of Brassica plant which is cytoplasmic male sterile and is used in breeding is Ogura (OGU) cytoplasmic male sterile (Pellan-Delourme, et al., (1987) Male fertility restoration in Brassica napus with radish cytoplasmic male sterility Proc. 7th Int. Rapeseed Conf., Poznan, Poland, 199-203). A fertility restorer for Ogura cytoplasmic male sterile plants has been transferred from Raphanus sativus (radish) to Brassica by Institut National de Recherche Agricole (INRA) in Rennes, France (Pelletier and Primard, (1987) “Molecular, Phenotypic and Genetic Characterization of Mitochondrial Recombinants in Rapeseed.” Proc. 7th Int Rapeseed Conf., Poznau, Poland 113-118). The restorer gene, Rfl originating from radish, is described in WO 92/05251 and in Delourme, et al., (1991) “Radish Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Rapeseed: Breeding Restorer Lines with a Good Female Fertility.” Proc 8th Int. Rapeseed Conf., Saskatoon, Canada. 1506-1510.

However, when the Ogura Raphanus restorer gene was transferred from radish to Brassica, a large segment of the Raphanus genome was introgressed into Brassica as well. This large Raphanus genomic fragment carried many undesirable traits, as well as the restorer gene. For example, the early restorer germplasm was inadequate in that restorer inbreds and hybrids carrying this large Raphanus fragment had elevated glucosinolate levels and the restorer was associated with a decrease in seed set—the number of ovules per silique (Pellan-Delourme and Renard, (1988) “Cytoplasmic male sterility in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.): Female fertility of restored rapeseed with “Ogura” and cybrids cytoplasms”, Genome 30:234-238; Delourme, et al., (1994), “Identification of RAPD Markers Linked to a Fertility Restorer Gene for the Ogura Radish Cytoplasmic Male Sterility of Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)”, Theor. Appl. Gener. 88:741-748). In the case of hybrids, the glucosinolate levels were elevated even when the female parent had reduced glucosinolate content. These levels, typically more than 30 μmol/gram of oil-free meal, exceeded the levels of glucosinolates allowable for seed registration by most regulatory authorities in the world. Thus, the early restorer germplasm could be used for research purposes, but not to develop canola-quality commercial hybrid varieties directly.

INRA outlined the difficulties associated with obtaining restorer lines with low glucosinolate levels for Ogura cytoplasmic sterility (Delourme, et al., (1994) “Identification of RAPD Markers Linked to a Fertility Restorer Gene for the Ogura Radish Cytoplasmic Male Sterility of Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)”, Theor. Appl. Gener. 88:741-748; Delourme, et al., (1995) “Breeding Double Low Restorer Lines in Radish Cytoplasmic Male Sterility of Rapeseed (Brassica Napus L.)”, Proc. 9th Int. Rapeseed Conf., Cambridge, England). INRA indicated that these difficulties were due to the linkage between male fertility restoration and glucosinolate content in its breeding material. INRA suggested that more radish genetic information needed to be eliminated in its restorer lines (Delourme, et al., (1995) “Breeding Double Low Restorer Lines in Radish Cytoplasmic Male Sterility of Rapeseed (Brassica Napus L.)”, Proc. 9th Int. Rapeseed Conf., Cambridge, England). Although improvements were made to restorers during the early years, isozyme studies performed on the restorer lines indicated that large segments of radish genetic information still remained around the restorer gene (Delourme, et al., (1994) “Identification of RAPD Markers Linked to a Fertility Restorer Gene for the Ogura Radish Cytoplasmic Male Sterility of Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)” Theor. Appl. Gener. 88:741-748).

INRA attempted to develop a restorer having decreased glucosinolate levels. It reported a heterozygous restorer with about 15 μmol per gram (Delourme, et al., (1995) “Breeding Double Low Restorer Lines in Radish Cytoplasmic Male Sterility of Rapeseed (Brassica Napus L.)”, Proc. 9th Int. Rapeseed Conf., Cambridge, England). However, (i) this restorer was heterozygous (Rfrf) not homozygous (RfRf) for the restorer gene, (ii) this restorer was a single hybrid plant rather than an inbred line, (iii) there was only a single data point suggesting that this restorer had a low glucosinolate level rather than multiple data points to support a low glucosinolate level, (iv) there was no data to demonstrate whether the low glucosinolate trait was passed on to the progeny of the restorer, and (v) the restorer was selected and evaluated in a single environment—i.e. the low glucosinolate trait was not demonstrated to be stable in successive generations in field trials. Accordingly, the original Brassica Ogura restorer lines were not suitable for commercial use. For the purposes of this disclosure, this material is referred to as the “original” Brassica restorer lines.

Improved restorer lines were produced by Charne, et al., (1998) WO 98/27806 “Oilseed Brassica Containing an improved fertility restorer gene for Ogura cytoplasmic male sterility.” The improved restorer had a homozygous (fixed) restorer gene (RfRf) for Ogura cytoplasmic male sterility and the oilseeds were low in glucosinolates. Since the restorer was homozygous (RfRf), it could be used to develop restorer inbreds or, as male inbreds, in making single cross hybrid combinations for commercial product development. The glucosinolate levels were below those set out in standards for canola in various countries and breeders could use the improved restorer to produce Brassica inbreds and hybrids having oilseeds with low glucosinolate levels. This was a benefit to farmers, who could then plant Brassica hybrids which, following pollination, yielded oilseeds having low glucosinolate levels. This breeding effort removed approximately two thirds of the original Raphanus fragment. This estimate is based on the loss of 10 of 14 RFLP, AFLP and SCAR markers (WO98/56948 Tulsieram, et al., 1998-12-17). However, the Raphanus fragment in this material is still unnecessarily large. For the purposes of this disclosure, this material is referred to as the “first phase recombinant” Brassica restorer lines or germplasm.

Despite the improvement in the “first phase recombinant” restorer germplasm, it is still associated with deleterious agronomic performance. These deleterious traits may result from genes within this Raphanus fragment unrelated to fertility. Practically, only the restorer gene in the Raphanus fragment is required for the canola CMS pollination system. Therefore, the shorter the Raphanus fragment in a restorer line, the better the restorer line is expected to perform.

The Ogura restorer gene has been isolated and cloned by DNA LandMarks Inc./McGill University (US Patent Application Publication Number 2003/0126646A1, WO 03/006622A2), Mitsubishi (US Patent Application Publication Nubmer 2004/0117868A1) and INRA (WO 2004/039988A1). The gene can be used to transform Brassica plants.

Others have tried to produce restorer lines with a shortened Raphanus fragment. For example, Institut National de la Recherche (INRA) developed a line with a shortened Raphanus fragment by crossing a restorer line, “R211”, which had a deletion of the Pgi-2 allele and crossing it with a double low B. napus line, Drakkar. The progeny plants were irradiated before meiosis with gamma irradiation to induce recombination. This resulted in one progeny plant, “R2000”, in which the Pgi-2 gene from Brassica oleracea was recombined (WO 2005/002324 and Theor. Appl. Genet (2005) 111:736-746). However, the Raphanus fragment in R2000 is larger than that of the first phase recombinant restorer material developed by the Applicant and described above.

Another example, WO 05074671 in the name of Syngenta describes a shortened Raphanus fragment in their BLR1 recombination event. The BLR1 recombination event was produced solely by crossing and selection, followed by screening with molecular markers; no mutagenesis was used. However, the Raphanus fragment can be shortened further.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

An aspect of the invention is to provide a Brassica plant comprising a fertility gene for Ogura cytoplasmic male sterility, wherein the fertility gene is on a Raphanus fragment introgressed from Raphanus sativa, and the Raphanus fragment lacks a marker selected from the group consisting of RMA01, RMA02, RMA03, RMA04, RMA05, RMA06, RMA07, RMA08, RMA09, RMA10, RMC24, OPC2, RMC25, RMC26, RMC27, RMC28, RMC29, RMC30, RMC31, RMC32 and RMC33. The Brassica plant can lack the OPC2 marker in the Raphanus fragment.

Another aspect of the invention is to provide a Brassica plant comprising a fertility gene for Ogura cytoplasmic male sterility, wherein the fertility gene is on a Raphanus fragment introgressed from Raphanus sativa, and the Raphanus fragment (i) lacks a marker selected from the group consisting of RMA01, RMA02, RMA03, RMA04, RMA05, RMA06, RMA07, RMA08, RMA09, RMA10, RMC24, OPC2, RMC25, RMC26, RMC27, RMC28, RMC29, RMC30, RMC31, RMC32 and RMC33, and (ii) comprises a molecular marker selected from the group consisting of RMB01, E35M62, RMB02, RMB03, RMB04, RMB05, RMB06, RMB07, RMB08, RMB09, RMB10, OPF10, RMB11, RMB12, RMC01, RMC02, RMC03, E38M60, RMC04, RMC05, RMC06, RMC07, RMC08, RMC17, RMC18, RMC19, RMC20, RMC21, RMC22 and RMC23. The Brassica plant can be designated R1439, representative seed of which have been deposited under NCIMB Accession Number 41510, or a descendent or a plant produced by crossing R1439 with a second plant. The progeny or descendent plant of this Brassica plant can comprise a Raphanus fragment which lacks a marker selected from the group consisting of RMA01, RMA02, RMA03, RMA04, RMA05, RMA06, RMA07, RMA08, RMA09, RMA10, RMC09, RMC10, RMC11, RMC12, RMC13, RMC14, RMC15, RMC16, RMC24, OPC2, RMC25, RMC26, RMC27, RMC28, RMC29, RMC30, RMC31, RMC32 and RMC33.

Another aspect of the invention is to provide a Brassica plant comprising a fertility gene for Ogura cytoplasmic male sterility, wherein the fertility gene is on a Raphanus fragment introgressed from Raphanus sativa, and the Raphanus fragment (i) lacks a marker selected from the group consisting of RMA01, RMA02, RMA03, RMA04, RMA05, RMA06, RMA07, RMA08, RMA09, RMA10, RMC24, OPC2, RMC25, RMC26, RMC27, RMC28, RMC29, RMC30, RMC31, RMC32 and RMC33, and (ii) comprises a molecular marker selected from the group consisting of RMB01, E35M62, RMB02, RMB03, RMB04, RMB05, RMB06, RMB07, RMB08, RMB09, RMB10, OPF10, RMB11, RMB12, RMC01, RMC02, RMC03, E38M60, RMC04, RMC05, RMC06, RMC07, RMC08, RMC09, RMC10, RMC11, RMC12, RMC13, RMC14, RMC15, RMC16, RMC17, RMC18, RMC19, RMC20, RMC21, RMC22 AND RMC23. The Brassica plant can be designated R1815, representative seed of which have been deposited under NCIMB Accession Number 41511, or a descendent or a plant produced by crossing R1815 with a second plant. The progeny or descendent plant can comprise a Raphanus fragment which lacks a marker selected from the group consisting of RMA01, RMA02, RMA03, RMA04, RMA05, RMA06, RMA07, RMA08, RMA09, RMA10, RMC24, OPC2, RMC25, RMC26, RMC27, RMC28, RMC29, RMC30, RMC31, RMC32 and RMC33.

Another aspect of the invention is to provide a Brassica plant comprising a fertility gene for Ogura cytoplasmic male sterility, wherein the fertility gene is on a Raphanus fragment introgressed from Raphanus sativa, and the Raphanus fragment (i) lacks a marker selected from the group consisting of RMA01, RMA02, RMA03, RMA04, RMA05, RMA06, RMA07, RMA08, RMA09, RMA10, RMC24, OPC2, RMC25, RMC26, RMC27, RMC28, RMC29, RMC30, RMC31, RMC32 and RMC33, and (ii) comprises a molecular marker selected from the group consisting of RMB01, E35M62, RMB02, RMB03, RMB04, RMB05, RMB06, RMB07, RMB08, RMB09, RMB10, OPF10, RMB11, RMB12, RMC01, RMC02, RMC03, E38M60, RMC04, RMC05, RMC06, RMC07, RMC08, RMC09, RMC10, RMC11, RMC12, RMC13, RMC14, RMC15, and RMC16. The Brassica plant can be designated R1931, representative seed of which have been deposited under NCIMB Accession Number 41512, or a descendent or a plant produced by crossing R1931 with a second plant. The progeny or descendent plant can comprise a Raphanus fragment which lacks a marker selected from the group consisting of RMA01, RMA02, RMA03, RMA04, RMA05, RMA06, RMA07, RMA08, RMA09, RMA10, RMC17, RMC18, RMC19, RMC20, RMC21, RMC22, RMC23, RMC24, OPC2, RMC25, RMC26, RMC27, RMC28, RMC29, RMC30, RMC31, RMC32 and RMC33.

Any of the Brassica plants described above can be Brassica napus, B. rapa or B. juncea. The plants can be inbreds or hybrids.

Another aspect of the invention is to provide a Brassica seed from any of the Brassica plants described above. Another aspect is to provide a plant cell from any of the plants described above, or parts of the plants described above. The parts can be selected from the group consisting of nucleic acid sequences, tissue, cells, pollen, ovules, roots, leaves, oilseeds, microspores, vegetative parts, whether mature or embryonic. Another aspect of the invention is to provide an assemblage of crushed Brassica seed of any one of the Brassica plants described above.

Another aspect of the invention is to provide a use of the seed of any of the Brassica plants described above for preparing oil and/or meal.

Another aspect of the invention is to provide a method of producing oil, comprising: (i) crushing seeds produced by the plant line designated R1439, R1815, or R1931 and having NCIMB Accession Number 41510, 41511 and 41512 respectively, or by a descendent of R1439, R1815, or R1931, or by a plant produced by crossing R1439, R1815, or R1931 with a second plant; and (ii) extracting oil from said seeds. The method can further comprise the step of: (i) refining, bleaching and deodorizing said oil.

Another aspect of the invention is to provide use of any of the plants described above for growing a crop.

Another aspect of the invention is to provide a method of growing a Brassica plant, comprising: (i) sowing seed designated R1439, R1815, or R1931 and having NCIMB Accession Number 41510, 41511 and 41512 respectively, or seed from a descendent of R1439, R1815, or R1931, or from a plant produced by crossing R1439, R1815, or R1931 with a second plant; and (ii) growing the resultant plant under Brassica growing conditions.

Another aspect of the invention is to provide use of any of the plants described above for breeding a Brassica line. The breeding can be selected from the group consisting of conventional breeding, pedigree breeding, crossing, self-pollination, doubling haploidy, single seed descent, backcrossing and breeding by genetic transformation.

Another aspect of the invention is to provide a method of breeding a Brassica plant having a fertility gene for Ogura cytoplasmic male sterility, wherein the fertility gene is on a Raphanus fragment introgressed from Raphanus sativa, and the Raphanus fragment lacks a molecular marker selected from the group consisting of RMA01, RMA02, RMA03, RMA04, RMA05, RMA06, RMA07, RMA08, RMA09, RMA10, RMC24, OPC2, RMC25, RMC26, RMC27, RMC28, RMC29, RMC30, RMC31, RMC32 and RMC33, comprising: (i) crossing any of the plants described above with another Brassica plant to produce a first generation progeny plant; (ii) screening the first generation progeny plant for the Ogura Raphanus restorer gene; and (iii) optionally repeating steps (i) and (ii). The first generation progeny plant can be an inbred plant. The first generation progeny plant can be a hybrid plant. The progeny plant produced by this method is also provided.

Another aspect of the invention is to provide a method for breeding a new line having a shortened Raphanus fragment compared to a Raphanus fragment in a first plant, wherein the shortened Raphanus fragment in the new line includes an Ogura fertility restorer gene, the method comprising: (i) mutagenizing a first population of the first plant having a Raphanus fragment with an Ogura fertility restorer gene for cytoplasmic male sterility; (ii) screening the first population for deletions of the Ogura fertility restorer gene in the Raphanus fragment to identify a second plant with a deletion of the Ogura fertility restorer gene in the Raphanus fragment; (iii) crossing the second plant having the deletion of Ogura restorer gene in the Raphanus fragment with the first plant comprising the Raphanus fragment with an Ogura fertility restorer gene for cytoplasmic male sterility; (iv) identifying a third plant with a shortened Raphanus fragment compared to the first plant, wherein the shortened Raphanus fragment includes the restorer gene, and (v) breeding the third plant to produce a new line with a shortened Raphanus fragment which includes an Ogura fertility restorer gene. The first plant can be R1439, R1815 or R1931. The third plant can lack a molecular marker selected from the group consisting of RMA01, RMA02, RMA03, RMA04, RMA05, RMA06, RMA07, RMA08, RMA09, RMA10, RMC24, OPC2, RMC25, RMC26, RMC27, RMC28, RMC29, RMC30, RMC31, RMC32 and RMC33. The new line produced by this method is also provided.

Another aspect of the invention is to provide an isolated nucleic acid comprising the sequence set forth in any of the sequences listed in SEQ ID NO: 1 to SEQ ID NO: 158.

Another aspect of the invention is to provide use of an isolated nucleic acid comprising the sequence set forth in any of the sequences listed in SEQ ID NO: 1 to SEQ ID NO: 158 for molecular marker development.

Another aspect of the invention is to provide use of an isolated nucleic acid comprising the sequence set forth in any of the sequences listed in SEQ ID NO: 1 to SEQ ID NO: 158 as a primer.

Another aspect of the invention is to provide use of the isolated nucleic acid comprising the sequence set forth in any of the sequences listed in SEQ ID NO: 1 to SEQ ID NO: 158 as a probe.

Another aspect of the invention is to provide use of one or more of the sequences of SEQ ID NOS: 1 to 158 to screen a plant to characterize the Raphanus fragment.

Another aspect of the invention is to provide a method of screening a plant to characterize the Raphanus fragment, comprising; (i) hybridizing at least one primer sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 1 to SEQ ID NO: 158 to a plant genome; (ii) performing a PCR assay; and (iii) characterizing the Raphanus fragment.

Another aspect of the invention is to provide a method of producing a deletion mutant in a genome having a Raphanus fragment with an Ogura fertility restorer gene, comprising: (i) providing a population of cells, wherein the cells are heterozygous for the Raphanus fragment and the cells have an Ogura CMS cytoplasm; (ii) mutagenizing the cells to produce mutagenized cells; (iii) producing plants from the mutagenized cells; and (iv) screening the plants for sterility to identify a deleted Ogura fertility restorer gene in a deletion mutant wherein the mutagenized Ogura gene is not able to restore fertility in a plant having the Ogura CMS cytoplasm. The step of mutagenizing the cells can include irradiation. The deletion mutant produced by this method is also provided.

Another aspect of the invention is to provide a method of recombining a Raphanus fragment having an Ogura restorer gene, comprising: (i) providing a plant having a Raphanus fragment with an Ogura restorer gene in the nuclear genome; (ii) crossing the plant of (i) with a plant having a Raphanus fragment in which an Ogura restorer gene has been deleted in the nuclear genome; and (iii) identifying progeny in which the Raphanus fragment has been recombined. The plant of (i) can be homozygous for the Raphanus fragment with an Ogura restorer gene (RfRf) and the plant of (ii) can be homozygous for the Raphanus fragment in which the Ogura restorer gene has been deleted (Rf̂Rf̂), and the progeny from a first progeny population that are heterozygous for the Raphanus fragment (Rf Rf̂) to allow for recombination at an efficient rate of (a) the Raphanus fragment with an Ogura restorer gene (Rf) and (b) the Raphanus fragment in which the Ogura restorer gene has been deleted (Rf̂). The method can further comprise pollinating (a) a plant that does not contain a Raphanus fragment (rfrf) and has an Ogura CMS cytoplasm with (b) pollen from the progeny plant above that is heterozygous for both the Raphanus fragment with an Ogura restorer gene and the Raphanus fragment without an Ogura restorer gene in the nuclear genome (RfRf̂), to produce a second progeny population that is heterozygous for the Raphanus gene in an Ogura CMS cytoplasm, wherein the second population comprises approximately 50% of plants with a rfRf genotype, approximately 50% of plants with rfRf̂ genotype and some progeny in which the Raphanus fragment has been recombined (rfRf*), and wherein analysis of the Raphanus fragment in the second progeny is facilitated because there is no interference in analyzing the Raphanus fragment. The second population progeny plants can be screened for fertility prior to analysis. The method can further comprise a step of identifying a plant comprising a homozygous recombined Raphanus fragment. The progeny plant having a recombined Raphanus fragment produced by this method is also provided.

Another aspect of the invention is to provide a method for shortening an exotic insertion in a first plant wherein the exotic insertion includes a gene of interest, the method comprising: (i) mutagenizing the first plant having the exotic insertion which includes a gene of interest to produce a second plant having a partially deleted exotic insertion lacking the gene of interest; (ii) crossing the second plant with the first plant to produce a first population in which both the exotic insertion from the first plant and the partially deleted exotic insertion from the second plant can recombine; (iii) crossing the plants of the first population with plants that do not have the exotic insertion to produce a second population of plants; and (iv) screening the second population of plants to identify a third plant with a shorter exotic insertion than the exotic insertion in the first plant, wherein the shorter exotic insertion in the third plant includes the gene of interest.

Another aspect of the invention is to provide a method for breeding a new line having an exotic insertion that is shorter than the exotic insertion in a first plant, wherein the exotic insertion includes a gene of interest, the method comprising; (i) mutagenizing the first plant having the exotic insertion which includes a gene of interest to produce a second plant having a partially deleted exotic insertion lacking the gene of interest; (ii) crossing the second plant with the first plant to produce a first population in which both the exotic insertion from the first plant and the partially deleted exotic insertion from the second plant can recombine; (iii) crossing the plants of the first population with plants that do not have the exotic insertion to produce a second population of plants; and (iv) screening the second population of plants to identify a third plant with a shorter exotic insertion than the exotic insertion in the first plant, wherein the shorter exotic insertion in the third plant includes the gene of interest.

The previous two methods can further comprise a step of generating genetic information of a genomic region surrounding and including the exotic insertion. Generating of genetic information can be selected from the group consisting of generating molecular markers, sequence information and a genetic map. The first plant can be heterozygous for the gene of interest when undergoing mutagenesis in step (i). The first plant can be homozygous for the gene of interest when crossed to the second plant in step (ii). The second plant can be homozygous for the partially deleted exotic insertion lacking the gene of interest when crossed to the first plant in step (ii). The methods can further comprise a step after the step (ii) of identifying plants having the exotic insertion from the first plant and the partially deleted exotic insertion from the second plant using the genetic information. The methods can further comprise the step of increasing the seed of step (ii). The methods can further comprise the step of breeding the third plant to generate a commercial line. The exotic insertion can be a Raphanus insertion and the gene of interest can be the Ogura fertility restorer gene. The exotic insertion can include a gene of interest selected from the group consisting of disease resistance, insect resistance, drought tolerance, heat tolerance, shattering resistance and improved grain quality. The third plant produced by either of the previous two methods is also provided.

Another aspect of the invention is to provide a molecular marker selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOS: 159 to 237.

Another aspect of the invention is to provide use of one or more of the sequences of SEQ ID NOS: 159 to 237 to screen a plant to characterize the Raphanus fragment.

Another aspect of the invention is to provide a method of characterizing a plant genome having a Raphanus fragment comprising an Ogura fertility restorer gene, comprising: (i) utilizing a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:159 to SEQ ID NO:237 to screen the plant genome; and (ii) characterizing the Raphanus fragment.

Another aspect of the invention is to provide a combination of markers/primers for characterizing the Raphanus fragment comprising a marker selected from the group SEQ ID NOS: 159 to 237.

Another aspect of the invention is to provide a kit for characterizing the Raphanus fragment comprising a primer selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOS: 1 to 158. The kit can further comprise marker information.

Another aspect of the invention is to provide a Brassica plant comprising the recombination event of R1439, R1815 or R1931.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention will now be described in relation to the figures in which:

FIG. 1 illustrates the improvements made in (i) the original (NW3002), (ii) first phase recombinant (NW1717) and (iii) new second phase recombinant Brassica Ogura restorer lines with shortened Raphanus fragment (SRF).

FIG. 2 shows molecular markers lost in mutant lines R1, R2 and R5, and SRF lines R1439, R1815 and R1931, compared to the first phase recombinant Raphanus fragment in NW1717 and the original line, NW3002

FIG. 3 shows a crossing diagram for Shortened Raphanus Fragment (SRF) development.

FIG. 4 shows a cartoon depicting a general method for shortening an exotic insertion.

DEFINITIONS

CMS: Means cytoplasmic male sterility and is a type of male sterility useful in hybrid seed production.

Contig: Is a contiguous sequence of DNA created by assembling overlapping sequenced fragments of a chromosome. A contig is also a group of clones representing overlapping regions of the genome. The term contig can also be used to denote a chromosome map showing the locations of those regions of a chromosome where contiguous DNA segments overlap. Contig maps are important because they provide the ability to study a complete, and often large, segment of the genome by examining a series of overlapping clones which then provide an unbroken succession of information about that region such as physical size and orientation.

Maintainer line (also known as B-line): A maintainer line is a line that carries native cytoplasm (i.e. non CMS) and the same nuclear genetics as a cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) line. When crossed to the CMS line it “maintains” the sterility of the progenies of the CMS line. Accordingly, it has essentially the same nuclear genetic information as the CMS line, but is not male sterile. The maintainer line is a fertile plant and it can produce its own fertile progenies.

Original restorer lines (also known as original Brassica Ogura restorer lines): These lines are the original Brassica Ogura restorer lines, and carry the high glucosinolate trait when the restorer gene is present in the homozygous condition. Accordingly, these lines can not be commercialized or used in commercial seed production. An example of these lines is NW3002 as shown in FIG. 1.

First phase recombinant restorer lines or germplasm (also known as first phase recombinant Brassica Ogura restorer lines or germplasm): These lines contain a smaller Raphanus fragment than the original restorer lines based on marker measurement. These lines do not carry the high glucosinolate trait when the restorer gene is in the homozygous condition. Accordingly, these lines are used commercially. An example of these lines is disclosed in Charne, et al., (1998) WO 98/27806 “Oilseed Brassica Containing an improved fertility restorer gene for Ogura cytoplasmic male sterility.” A further example is NW1717 as shown in FIG. 1. The first phase recombinant restorer lines can be differentiated from the second phase recombinant restorer lines with shortened Raphanus fragment by the presence of many markers for example (i) the OPC2 marker as shown in FIG. 1 and (ii) the RMC24 to RMC33 inclusive and RMA01 to RMA10 inclusive markers shown in FIG. 2.

Deletion mutant lines (Rf̂): These lines contain a mutated Raphanus fragment, in which the Raphanus restorer gene and other Raphanus genes on the fragment have been deleted. For the purposes of the applicant's teaching, these lines are designated Rf̂. When the mutated Raphanus fragment (minus the restorer gene) is in the homozygous condition, the mutant lines are designated Rf̂Rf̂ and the lines are sterile when their cytoplasm is Ogura CMS. When the mutated Raphanus fragment is in the heterozygous condition, the lines are designated Rf̂Rf or Rf̂rf, as is known to those skilled in the art. For example, Rf̂Rf signifies that one allele comprises the mutated Raphanus fragment (minus the restorer gene), and the other allele comprises the first phase recombinant Raphanus fragment (with the restorer gene). In the case of Rf̂Rf, the lines are fertile when their cytoplasm is Ogura CMS. Rf̂rf signifies that one allele comprises the mutated Raphanus fragment (minus the restorer gene), and the other allele does not contain the Raphanus fragment at all. In the case of Rf̂rf, the lines are sterile when their cytoplasm is Ogura CMS. These mutant lines were used to generate the lines with the shortened Raphanus fragment (SRF), comprising the restorer gene (see below).

Second phase recombinant restorer lines or germplasm (also known as second phase recombinant Brassica Ogura restorer lines, second phase recombinant Brassica Ogura restorer lines with shortened Raphanus fragment (SRF) or Rf*): These lines contain approximately half of the Raphanus fragment (as estimated by number of markers lost) found in first phase recombinant restorer lines, and include the Raphanus restorer gene. Examples of these lines include R1439, R1815 and R1931 of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1. For the purposes of the applicant's teaching, these lines are designated Rf*. When the SRF is in the homozygous condition, the lines are designated Rf*Rf*. When the SRF is in the heterozygous condition, the lines are designated Rf*Rf or Rf*rf, wherein Rf*Rf designates a line comprising one allele having a SRF and the other allele having the Raphanus fragment from the first phase recombinant lines, and Rf*rf designates a line comprising one allele having a SRF and the other allele not comprising a Raphanus fragment at all. All of these SRF lines, whether Rf*Rf*, Rf*Rf or Rf*rf, are fertile when their cytoplasm is Ogura CMS.

DESCRIPTION OF THE VARIOUS EMBODIMENTS

The original Brassica Ogura restorer lines were developed by INRA by transferring the Ogura restorer gene from Raphanus sativa to Brassica napus (Pelletier, et al., (1987) “Molecular, Phenotypic and Genetic Characterization of Mitochondrial Recombinants in Rapeseed.” Proc. 7th Int Rapeseed Conf., Poznau, Poland 113-118). These lines included the gene or genes that conferred the high glucosinolate trait. In FIG. 1 these original lines are exemplified by NW3002.

The first phase recombinant Brassica Ogura restorer lines were developed by various institutions, among them the Applicant. The first phase recombinant restorer lines eliminated the gene or genes that confer the high glucosinolate trait. In FIG. 1, these first phase recombinant restorer lines are exemplified by NW1717. However, the first phase recombinant restorer lines still carry a substantial amount of the Raphanus genome (FIG. 1). Further, some lines can be associated with undesirable agronomic characteristics. These undesirable traits may result from the genes within the remaining Raphanus fragment or from the elimination/disruption of the genes on the Brassica chromosome.

The present teaching concerns second phase recombinant Brassica Ogura restorer lines with a shortened Raphanus fragment (SRF). The second phase recombinant Brassica Ogura restorer lines were developed by (i) preparing a physical map using bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) contigs for the Raphanus fragment in the first phase recombinant restorer lines, (data not shown), (ii) mapping the Raphanus fragment with high density markers in the first phase recombinant restorer lines, (iii) producing knock-out mutant populations of first phase recombinant Brassica Ogura restorer lines, (iv) screening the knock-out mutant populations and identifying mutant lines with various deletions of the first phase recombinant Raphanus fragment including Ogura restorer gene, (v) crossing the mutant lines with first phase recombinant restorer lines to provide the opportunity for recombination at the Raphanus locus and produce second phase recombinant restorer lines with a shortened Raphanus fragment (SRF), (vi) identifying new recombinations in lines having the Ogura restorer gene with a shortened Raphanus fragment (SRF), (vii) characterizing the second phase recombinant restorer lines with a shortened Raphanus fragment (SRF), (viii) testing the second phase recombinant restorer lines with SRF for better fertility, embryogenesis and agronomy, and (ix) crossing the new second phase recombinant restorer lines with additional lines to produce commercial lines.

The following Examples are presented as specific illustrations of the present invention. It should be understood, however, that the invention is not limited to the specific details set forth in the Examples.

Example 1 Preparing High Density Marker Map of the Raphanus Fragment in the First Phase Recombinant Brassica ogura Restorer Line, NW1717.

FIG. 2 shows high density markers on the first phase recombinant Brassica Ogura restorer line, NW1717. The marker specificity was investigated with a set of pedigree lines, 6 restorer lines and 6 non restorer lines. Only some of the markers that are specific to the Ogura restorer were used to screen the knock-out mutant populations and later the SRF materials of the present invention (see below). The markers are coded and their specifications are listed in Table 1a. The sequence information for the markers is provided in Table 1b.

Table 1a contains key marker information. Columns 1, 2, 3, 11 and 13 list the marker group, the marker name, the size of PCR band, forward primer sequence and reverse primer sequence, respectively. Columns 4 to 10 list the presence or absence of the markers in the first phase recombinant restorer NW1717, the deletion mutant lines R1, R2 and R5, and the SRF lines R1439, R1815 and R1931, respectively (as described in Examples 2-5 below). With the exception of Group IV, all markers are present on the Raphanus fragment in the first phase recombinant lines. These markers were used to characterize the original deletion mutants and the shortened Raphanus fragment lines (SRF lines) of the present invention.

A kit useful for characterizing the Raphanus fragment comprising the primers and/or markers is included within the scope of the invention. For example, a kit can include appropriate primers or probes for detecting marker loci associated with the Raphanus fragment and instructions in using the primers or probes for detecting the marker loci and correlating the loci with size of the Raphanus fragment present. The kits can further include materials for packaging the probes, primers or instructions, controls such as control amplification reactions that include probes, primers or template nucleic acids for amplifications, molecular size markers, or the like. The kits can also include markers, marker sequence information, physical sequential order information, and expected PCR band size.

Example 2 Producing Knock-Out Mutant Populations of the First Phase Recombinant Brassica ogura Restorer Line, 00SNH09984.

Seed from the F₁ line, 00SNH09984, which comprises the CMS cytoplasm and is heterozygous (Rfrf) for the Ogura restorer gene, was irradiated in the KFKI Atomic Energy Research Institute (AERI), Hungary. Hybrid seed (i.e., wherein the Ogura restorer gene is in the heterozygous state) was chosen for mutagenesis (i.e., irradiation treatment) because hybrid seed has only one copy of the restorer gene (i.e., it is heterozygous for the restorer gene) and therefore there is a higher probability that the mutation of the restorer gene will produce a phenotypic mutant population than homozygous seed which has two identical copies of the restorer gene. In addition, it is more efficient to screen the M0 mutagenized heterozygous population than a mutagenized homozygous population since knock-out mutants can be identified at the current generation (M0) in the heterozygous condition whereas mutants of homozygous seed would need to be identified at M1 or M2 generations if only one of the two gene copies was knocked out. Three groups of 500 g of seed were irradiated with the following dosages 30Gy, 60Gy, and 90Gy. Another 500 g untreated seeds served as control. All treatments were performed with the standard protocol as follows:

Seed mutagenesis was carried out at the Biological Irradiation Facility (BIF) of the Budapest Research Reactor (BRR) located in the Budapest Neutron Center (BNC) and operated by the KFKI Atomic Energy Research Institute (AERI). In general, for seed irradiation with fast neutrons the filter/absorber arrangement number 1A was used. The order of filters starting at the core towards the irradiation cavity was:

-   -   Internal: 143.6 mm Al+18 mm Pb+15 mm Al     -   External inside the borated water collimator: no external filter         in front of the sample     -   Beam stop behind the sample: 30 mm Fe+45 mm Pb+8 mm Al+20 mm B₄C

The samples were irradiated inside a Cd capsule with a wall thickness of 2 mm. The irradiation temperature was less than 30° C., at normal air pressure and the humidity was less than 60%. The samples were rotated at 16 revolutions/minute. The samples were usually re-packed to avoid surface contamination and the activation of the original holder/bag. The nominal neutron dose rate (water kerma˜absorbed dose in water) at 10.2 MW was 6.93 mGy/s.

During the irradiation there was a real time dose monitoring and the irradiation was terminated when the required dose was delivered.

Example 3 Screening Knock-Out Mutant Populations for Deletions in the Raphanus Fragment

Treated seed and the untreated control were planted in a one acre licensed field in Canada, in May 2001 as described in Table 2. “PNT” refers to “Plant with Novel Trait”. In addition, the corresponding maintainer B line, 96DHS-60, was planted twice as a control, as shown in the planting map as described in Table 3.

TABLE 2 Details of the mutagenized seed in the field trial Crop and recipient line Brassica napus Purpose of trial Screening male sterile mutant Containment method 200 meter isolation Location of trials Ontario, Canada Number of PNT plots/site 4,000 rows, about one acre Number of plants/site 250,000 seeds Approx. Proposed harvest dates September 2001 Treatments during growing season None

TABLE 3 Planting map of mutagenized seed field trial Row Material Planting Date 40.00 m 1.45 m 1 × 4 1st planting B line 9 May 2001 (96DHS-60) 8.70 m 6 × 4 rm-30 Gy 9 May 2001 (00SNH09984-30 Gy) 8.70 m 6 × 4 rm-60 Gy 9 May 2001 (00SNH09984-60 Gy) 8.70 m 6 × 4 rm-90 Gy 9 May 2001 (00SNH09984-90 Gy) 1.45 m 1 × 4 1st planting B line 9 May 2001 (96DHS-60) 1.45 m 1 × 4 2nd planting B line 18 May 2001 (96DHS-60) 1.45 m Pathway 2.90 m 2 × 4 control (untreated 9 May 2001 00SNH09984) 100.00 m

An estimate of the total number of plants was calculated by sample counting. At flowering, the plants were observed and sterile plants were identified visually. 1415 sterile plants were identified in the treated populations as summarized in Table 4. 104 sterile plants were also observed in the control (which probably resulted from seed impurity), which represents 0.52% of the total control plants, lower than the treated seeds in which up to 0.95% of the plants were sterile. A sterile plant from the mutagenized population could indicate that a mutation occurred on the Raphanus fragment such that the restorer gene was deleted or mutated. The sterile plants were labeled and all open flowers were removed. The remaining buds were bagged to ensure no stray pollen could pollinate them. In addition, all fertile plants around the identified sterile mutant plant were destroyed. Young leaves and tissues were collected from all sterile plants. The sterile mutants were pollinated with pollen from the B-line. Seed from the mutant plants was harvested.

TABLE 4 Results of seed mutagenesis screening Treatment 30 Gy 60 Gy 90 Gy Control Total Plant 64,307 61,713 45,029 19,989 Sterile Plant 614 558 243 104 Sterile/total (%) 0.95 0.90 0.54 0.52

Example 4 Identifying Mutants with Various Deletions in the Raphanus Fragment of the First Phase Recombinant Raphanus Line

The leaf samples from the sterile plants identified as mutants in the field were lyophilized and ground. Genomic DNA was extracted. Methods of DNA extraction are known to those skilled in the art.

The 1415 mutant samples were characterized by performing PCR with a set of representative markers and characterizing which markers were retained and which were lost. The markers consisted of 6 PCR markers. One marker (OPC2) is known to those skilled in the art, while the other 5 markers (RMA07, RMB04, RMB12, RMC32 and RME08) are described here. Each of 6 markers represents a different region of the genomic fragment from the first phase recombinant Raphanus lines. All markers are located within the Raphanus fragment of the first phase recombinant Raphanus lines, except RME08, which is located in the napus genome adjacent to the Raphanus fragment. Those samples that retained at least one of the Rf markers were kept for further analysis, eliminating false sterile mutants (A-line contamination in hybrid seed). Based on the PCR results, 111 of the 1415 samples were positive for at least one marker. The M1 (second generation mutant) seeds of these 111 sterile plants (crossed with B line) were planted in the greenhouse and the sterility phenotype was confirmed. Leaf tissues were collected and analyzed by PCR using the 6 markers. Using the combination of the PCR results and phenotype data, seven restorer mutants were identified. Three mutant lines, designated Deletion Mutant R1, Deletion Mutant R2 and Deletion Mutant R5 were analyzed further using additional markers and carried forward.

FIG. 2 shows the characterization of the original mutant lines, designated Deletion Mutant R1, Deletion Mutant R2 and Deletion Mutant R5 in comparison to the first phase recombinant restorer line, NW1717. FIG. 2 lists the markers lost on the mutant lines compared to the markers on the NW1717. As can be seen, significant deletions have occurred in the original mutant lines, including deletion of Group II which comprises the restorer gene (Rf). As these plants are heterozygous for the mutated Raphanus fragment, they are designated Rf̂rf. These mutant lines (which lost the restorer gene) were crossed with first phase recombinant restorer lines to provide various materials for producing new recombinants as described in Example 5. The new recombinants were used to develop second phase recombinant restorer lines with SRF which included the restorer gene.

Example 5 Crossing of Mutant R1, Mutant R2 and Mutant R5 Lines with First Phase Recombinant Restorer Lines to Enhance the Probability of Recombination of the Mutated Raphanus Fragment

The crossing program is detailed below and all pedigree lines are summarized in Table 5 and FIG. 3. In the column entitled generation, “M” refers to mutant, “F” refers to offspring or “filial generation”, “F1” refers to first filial generation (heterozygous), “F2” refers to the second filial generation (segregating), “BC” refers to backcross, “DHS” refers to double haploid seed, and “S” refers to self pollinated seed. Each of 5 representative markers has a different purpose. RMA07, RMB12 and OPC2 represent the marker Group I, II and III, respectively. Y5N is a proprietary marker that targets the non-Rf genome. The CMS marker is also proprietary and confirms the presence of Ogura CMS cytoplasm.

-   -   (i) October 2001: As discussed above, the sterile mutants (Rf̂rf)         were pollinated with a maintainer line (rfrf), 96DHS60, to         produce seeds that were Rf̂rf or rfrf in a Ogura CMS cytoplasm.         On Table 5 these are designated Rf̂1rf, Rf̂2rf, and Rf̂5rf to         distinguish each of the three mutants, R1, R2 and R5. This is         shown in generation M1F1 of Table 5.     -   (ii) 2002: M1F1 seeds (Rf̂rf/rfrf) from the three identified         mutant lines (Mutant R1, Mutant R2 and Mutant R5) were sown in         the greenhouse. Rf̂rf plants were identified by screening using         selected markers (i.e., RMA01-10 for R2 and R5; RMC01-33 for R1         and R2) and pollinated with first phase (wild-type) recombinant         restorer line (RfRf) to produce seeds having genotypes of Rf̂Rf         and rfRf in CMS cytoplasm. This was done for two reasons: (a) to         obtain fertile fixed mutant genotypes with normal cytoplasm         after further crossing (shown below), and (b) to dilute the         mutant dosage (each crossing diluted by 50%). Once the Rf̂rf         plants were crossed with the wild-type (the first phase         recombinant restorer line), all progenies (Rf̂Rf and rfRf) were         fertile. This is shown in generation M2F1 of Table 5. An         rf-specific marker, Y5N, was used to screen the fertile         progenies and to eliminate plants with rfRf genotype. Then the         B-line 96DHS60 plants (rfrf) were pollinated with Rf̂Rf plants.         For every crossing two female plants (in case of each of the 3         mutants) and two male plants (first phase recombinant restorer         line, NS4304MC) were used and their seeds were bulked with         approximately 200 seeds per bulk. All crossings were done under         normal growth room conditions for canola: 16 hour light at         22° C. and 8 hour dark at 18° C. This is shown in generation         M3F1 of Table 5.         Producing Homozygous Rf̂Rf̂ Lines in a Normal (Non-Cms) Cytoplasm:     -   (iii) As stated above, in 2002, plants grown from the Rf̂Rf/rfRf         seed were identified by using the rf-specific marker to         eliminate rfRf plants. The Rf̂Rf plants were crossed to the         maintainer line rfrf (as a female) to convert the CMS cytoplasm         to a napus cytoplasm and produce Rf̂rf and Rfrf genotypes in a         fertile (non CMS) background. The purpose of converting the         background from CMS to non-CMS was to enable self-pollination         and develop fixed Rf̂Rf̂ plants. This is shown in generation M3F1         of Table 5.     -   (iv) In 2003, plants grown from the Rf̂rf seed with napus         cytoplasm were self-pollinated to produce Rf̂Rf̂, Rf̂rf and rfrf         seeds. The pollinations were carried out as stated above. This         is shown in generation M3F2 of Table 5.         Crossing Rf̂Rf̂ Lines with RfRf Lines:

The purpose of these crosses was to provide an enhanced probability of abnormal recombination (also referred to as crossover distortion) between the deleted Raphanus fragment of the mutant Rf̂ lines and the first phase recombinant Raphanus fragment of the Rf lines.

-   -   (v) In 2003, the plants grown from the Rf̂Rf̂ seed with napus         cytoplasm were crossed to the first phase recombinant RfRf         restorer line (as female), NS4304MC, to produce 100% fertile         Rf̂Rf seed with Ogura CMS cytoplasm. This 2-way cross would align         Rf̂ and Rf chromosomes in a cell and provide the possibility that         abnormal chromosomal crossover (also called crossover         distortion) would occur at the Raphanus fragment locus and         recombine the Raphanus fragment. Progenies with a shortened         Raphanus fragment that contained the restorer gene could be         identified using high density markers within the Raphanus         fragment. This is shown in generation M4F1 of Table 5 and FIG.         3.     -   (vi) In 2004, the Rf̂Rf lines from step (v) were crossed to a         female CMS line (rfrf), NS2173FC, to produce large populations         of Rf̂rf and Rfrf in a CMS background. This novel three-way cross         (F1 crossing to an unrelated A-line) had superior advantages         over F1 self-pollination (F2 population) to generate new         recombinations while the Rf̂Rf plant is undergoing meiosis.         Without being limited to any particular theory, this 3-way cross         eliminated the Rf and Rf̂ Raphanus chromosome interference in         identifying the progenies having a newly recombined Raphanus         fragment, leading to a greater probability of identifying a new         shortened Raphanus fragment comprising the restorer gene. Our         results indicated that by using this approach a recombination         rate of approximately 0.1% (1 of 1,000) had occurred. As shown         in Table 6, if the same recombination rate occurs in F1         self-pollinated population, 1 of 1,000,000 progenies would be         homozygous for new Raphanus recombination and could be         identified by marker profiling, providing that the male and         female gametes have the same recombination locus. If the male         and female gametes have different recombination loci, it would         be nearly impossible to identify any shortened Raphanus         recombination in F2 population. If the F3 population is used for         screening, the population would be excessively large to analyze,         in the order of multi-million plants.

Three large populations, approximately 4,000 seeds each, were produced from each of the three mutant lines, Mutant R1, Mutant R2 and Mutant R5. Theoretically, only the Rfrf progenies would be fertile. Rf̂rf plants are sterile and would be discarded. All fertile plants, approximately 2,000 each of three populations, were screened with a set of PCR markers. If crossover or recombination occurred then a few fertile plants would lose some markers but still retain the restorer gene. These plants were identified as Rf*rf with shortened Raphanus fragment. This is shown in generation M5F1 of Table 5 and FIG. 3.

TABLE 6 Efficiency comparison between a novel 3-way cross and self-pollination Novel 3-way cross (rfrf × RfRf/Rf{circumflex over ( )}Rf{circumflex over ( )}) Conventional self-pollination (RfRf/Rf{circumflex over ( )}Rf{circumflex over ( )} −> F2) Male gamete Male gamete Rf (50%) Rf{circumflex over ( )} (50%) Rf* (0.1%) Rf (50%) Rf{circumflex over ( )} (50%) Rf* (0.1%) Female rf (100%) 50% 50% 0.1% Female Rf (50%) 25% 25% 0.05% gamete Rfrf Rf{circumflex over ( )}rf Rf*rf gamete RfRf RfRf{circumflex over ( )} RfRf* fertile sterile fertile fertile fertile fertile Rf{circumflex over ( )} (50%) 25% 25% 0.05% RfRf{circumflex over ( )} Rf{circumflex over ( )}Rf{circumflex over ( )} Rf{circumflex over ( )}Rf* fertile sterile fertile Rf* (0.1%) 0.05% 0.05% 0.0001% RfRf* Rf{circumflex over ( )}Rf* Rf*Rf* fertile fertile fertile Efficiency Fertile progenies (50% population) need screening; Fertile progenies (75% population) need screening; Frequency to identify Rf*rf is 1 of 1,000. Frequency to identify Rf*Rf* is 1 of 1,000,000.

-   -   (vii) In 2004, approximately 6,000 rfRf plants were screened         with multiple PCR markers. Three second phase recombinant         restorer lines with a shortened Raphanus fragment, designated         R1439, R1815 and R1931, were identified with up to 50% loss of         the Raphanus fragment compared to the first phase recombinant         restorer material, NW1717 (see detail marker profile in FIG. 2).         R1815 originated from Mutant R2 crossing population, and R1439         and R1931 originated from Mutant R5 crossing population. These         plants comprise a new recombination event, designated R1439,         R1815 and R1931 respectively.     -   (viii) In 2005, and 2006 the three lines were fixed by breeding         and doubled haploid production, and designated R1439, R1815 and         R1931. This is shown in generations M6F2 and M6DHS1 of Table 5.     -   (ix) 2005 and 2006 the three SRF lines were also backcrossed 5         times to produce BC0, BC1, BC2, BC3, and BC4 lines. Each         backcrossing used four plants of NS1822FC as female and 4 plants         of each Rf*rf genotype (i.e., R1439, R1815 and R1931) as male.         The seeds were bulked and planted immediately to produce Rf*rf         and rfrf plants. The sterile rfrf plants were discarded and only         fertile Rf*rf were carried forward to the next generation of         backcrossing. In addition to backcrossing, BC2 and BC4 plants         were self-pollinated to produce BC2S1 (F2) and BC4S1 (F2) seeds.         Then BC2S1 and BC4S1 plants were self-pollinated to produce         fixed BC2S2 (F3) and BC4S2 (F3) as breeding material. This is         shown in generations M7BC0 to BC4S2 of Table 5, inclusive.

Example 6 Characterization of Second Phase Recombinant SRF Lines

Table 7 compares the deletions in the Raphanus fragment of the second phase recombinant restorer lines with the Raphanus fragment in the first phase recombinant restorer line, NW1717. The Raphanus fragment in the second phase recombinant restorer lines is estimated to be about 36% to 49% shorter than the Raphanus fragment in the first phase recombinant restorer line, NW1717. This estimation is based on number of markers deleted. For example, in SRF line R1815, 21 of the 59 markers have been lost. Based on the number of markers lost (21/59), approximately 36% of the Raphanus fragment has been deleted (64% of the Raphanus fragment remains). In the case of SRF line R1439, 29 out of 59 markers have been lost. Based on the number of markers lost (29/59), approximately 49% of the Raphanus fragment has been deleted (approximately 51% remains). FIG. 2 shows the markers that have been deleted and the markers that remain in the SRF lines/recombination events, R1439, R1815 and R1931. Physical maps (not in scale) of the SRF lines are found in FIG. 2.

TABLE 7 Remaining Raphanus Fragment in SRF Lines SRF Lines R1439 R1815 R1931 NW1717 % of NW1717* ~51% ~64% ~53% 100% Marker Loss/ 29/59 21/59 28/59 0/59 Total Rf Marker *estimated by number of markers lost

The SRF lines are more similar to NW1717 than to the deletion mutants R1, R2 and R5 because they include the Raphanus restorer gene. The deletion mutants R1, R2 and R5 were lacking the Ogura restorer and were quite different than NW1717. The main function of the deletion mutants was to cause crossover distortion and break down the Raphanus fragment in NW1717 to generate the SRF lines. The SRF lines retain fewer undesirable radish genes and are expected to have better agronomic performance.

The third row of Table 7 summarizes the number of markers lost for each line. There are 59 markers on the first phase recombinant restorer line, NW1717. The number of markers lost in the second phase recombinant lines ranges from 21 to 29. The SRF lines contain the restorer gene and they have been tested to confirm that they restore male fertility of Ogura CMS lines.

FIG. 1 shows the relationship between the original Brassica napus line in which the Ogura restorer fragment was introgressed (NW3002), the first phase recombinant commercial line (NW1717) and the second phase recombinant restorer line with a shortened Raphanus fragment (SRF lines). As can be seen, significant deletions have occurred on the Raphanus fragment. The original lines (represented here by NW3002) contained the restorer locus and the high glucosinolate locus. The first phase recombinant restorer lines which were used commercially (represented by NW1717) contain much smaller Raphanus fragment than NW3002. The high glucosinolate locus was deleted in the first phase recombinant restorer lines. The second phase recombinant restorer lines contain much shorter Raphanus fragment than NW1717, but still retain the restorer gene. The second phase recombinant restorer lines have better agronomic performance, as will be discussed below. The OPC2 and E38M60 markers can clearly distinguish between the first phase recombinant and the second phase recombinant Raphanus fragments. The E38M60 marker is found in NW1717 and in the second phase recombinant restorer lines. The OPC2 marker is found in NW1717, but not in the second phase recombinant restorer lines. Additional markers as shown on FIG. 2 can be used to distinguish the three SRF lines from first phase recombinant lines and from each other. For example, the set of the markers, RMC09 to RMC23 inclusive, can distinguish the three SRF lines from each other. R1439 has lost the DNA sequences which contain many of the markers of Group III and all of the markers of Group I. It is flanked by RMB01 and RMC23, but lacks RMC09 to RMC16 inclusive. R1815 has lost the DNA sequences which contain the markers from RMC24 to RMC33 and all the markers of Group I. It is flanked by RMB01 and RMC23. Finally, R1931 has lost the DNA sequences which contain the markers of Group I and markers RMC17 to RMC23 of Group III. It is flanked by RMB01 and RMC16.

A comparison of the second phase recombinant Brassica Ogura restorer lines of the present invention with competitors' lines (INRA R2000, INRA R211 and INRA R113) is shown in Table 8. The new recombined restorer lines produced by the novel breeding method disclosed here have a shorter Raphanus fragment than the Raphanus fragment of the competitors' lines. The novel breeding method disclosed here which produced these lines proved to be very successful.

TABLE 8 Key Rf Marker Profiling among Selected Ogura Restorer Materials Marker Group Rf Marker SRF - R1439 SRF - R1815 SRF - R1931 NW1717 R2000 - INRA R211 - INRA R113 - INRA NW3002 (R40) I RMA01 − − − + + + + + RMA02 − − − + + + + + RMA08 − − − + + + + + RMA10 − − − + + + + + II RMB01 + + + + + + + + E35M62 + + + + + + + + RMB02 + + + + + + + + RMB04 + + + + + + + + RMB08 + + + + + + + + RMB10 + + + + + + + + OPF10 + + + + + + + + RMB12 + + + + + + + + III RMC01 + + + + + + + + RMC02 + + + + + + + + E38M60 + + + + + + + + RMC08 + + + + + + + + RMC09 − + + + + + + + RMC11 − + + + + + + + RMC15 − + + + + + + + RMC16 − + + + + + + + RMC17 + + − + + + + + RMC19 + + − + + + + + RMC21 + + − + + + + + RMC23 + + − + + + + + RMC24 − − − + + + + + OPC2 − − − + + + + + RMC25 − − − + + + + + RMC27 − − − + + + + + RMC29 − − − + + + + + RMC31 − − − + + + + + RMC32 − − − + + + + + IV E33M47 − − − − + + + + E32M50 − − − − + + + + OPN20 − − − − + + + + OPH15 − − − − + + + + IN6RS4 − − − − + + + + E33M58 − − − − + + + + E32M59A − − − − − − + + E32M59B − − − − − − + + OPH03 − − − − − − − +

The novel breeding method taught here can be used for purposes other than reducing the size of the Raphanus fragment. It can be used whenever an exotic insertion comprising a gene or genes of interest has been introduced into a germplasm and one wishes to reduce the size of the exotic insertion, but preserve the gene or genes of interest. Moreover, the new breeding method is not limited to Brassica species, but can be used for any species, including wheat, corn, soybean, alfalfa, and other plants. In many circumstances a breeder may find it useful to introduce exotic insertions into elite germplasm using techniques as is known to those skilled in the art. For example, the exotic insertion can be introduced by crossing, transformation of artificial chromosomes, nucleus injection, protoplast fusion, and other methods as is known to those skilled in the art. For example, insect and disease resistance genes are often transferred via wide crosses to elite plant germplasm. In addition, agronomic traits such as drought resistance, heat tolerance, shattering and grain quality (seed composition) have also been transferred by interspecific crosses.

However, in most cases the breeder will discover that together with the gene or genes of interest, “superfluous” genetic material is introduced that affects other traits. Essentially, there are two problems with the superfluous genetic material. First, the superfluous genetic material may carry undesirable genes. For example, the original Raphanus insertion included genes that conferred a high glucosinolate trait. Second, the superfluous genetic material may result in problems with meiosis because the chromosomes cannot align properly due to the exotic insertion. This may lead to fertility problems and less agronomic vigor, as was seen in the original Raphanus material. Accordingly, once breeders have introduced exotic insertions into elite germplasm, they then tend to spend years “chipping away” at it to reduce its size, while screening for the gene or genes of interest. Traditionally, this has been done by continuous crossing to elite lines in the hopes that the exotic insertion will be reduced. The problem is, however, that there is no homologous sequence in the elite germplasm to recombine with the exotic insertion, and so this can be time consuming and not efficient.

The novel breeding method described here overcomes this problem by producing a line (i.e. a deletion mutant) which comprises the elite germplasm and the exotic insertion in which the gene or genes of interest have been deleted. This deletion mutant is crossed with the original germplasm containing the exotic insertion. Since the deletion mutant still contains part of the exotic insertion, it can align with the original insertion and induce genetic recombination. Essentially, the new breeding method provides a line which can easily recombine with the original exotic insertion. This new breeding method was described in detail in the examples with regard to reducing the Raphanus fragment, but as discussed above, it can be used for any situation in which an exotic insertion into an elite germplasm requires reduction in size. The novel breeding method is summarized by the following steps and shown as a cartoon in FIG. 4. For clarity, the exotic insertion is denoted “E”, the exotic deletion is denoted “EA”, the recombined shortened exotic insertion is denoted “E”, and the null chromosome (i.e. without the exotic insertion) is denoted “e”:

-   -   (i) It is very useful to have an understanding of the exotic         insertion and the region surrounding the exotic insertion. This         can be done by a genetic map, sequence information, a molecular         marker map, and/or other methods as is known to those skilled in         the art, of the genomic region surrounding and including the         exotic insertion. A high density marker map will facilitate the         identification of a shorter recombined exotic insertion.     -   (ii) The next step is to produce deletion mutants preferably in         heterozygous lines, wherein the lines are heterozygous for the         exotic insertion (Ee)→(Êe). Deletion mutants are mutants in         which the gene or genes of interest are deleted from the genome,         but some of the exotic insertion is still present. By using         heterozygous lines, one can identify the deletion mutants more         readily than using homozygous lines because the phenotype of the         deletion mutants will not be masked by the homologous locus. The         deletion mutants can be maintained, stabilized and reconfirmed         by crossing with null lines (ee) one or more times.     -   (iii) The next step is to cross the deletion mutants (Êe) with         lines that are homozygous for the exotic insertion (EE) to         produce (ÊE) and (eE) seed, and subsequently identifying those         lines that contain the deletion (ÊE). The identification of (ÊE)         can be done by screening the genome using markers identified in         step (i). For example, the markers can be specific to the null         lines (ee). Alternatively, one can self ÊE and eE and use the         progeny segregation to identify ÊE plants in which no ee         genotype can be present in their progenies. Optionally, the Êe         deletion mutants are first self-pollinated (assuming a trait         other than fertility) and ÊÊ plants are selected and crossed         with EE, so that all offspring are ÊE.     -   (iv) Optionally, the (ÊE) plants are increased to obtain         sufficient numbers for pollination purposes. This can be done         by (a) self pollination of (ÊE) to produce (ÊÊ), (ÊE) and (EE)         seed, followed by (b) cross pollination of (ÊÊ) with (EE) to         produce many (ÊE) plants. In the present invention, this step         was done to change the cytoplasm from CMS to normal cytoplasm.         If this step is not required, one can move on to Step (v)         directly since theoretically only one (ÊE) plant is required.     -   (v) The next step is to cross (ÊE) with a null line (ee) to         create a large F1 population, up to thousands of seeds. During         meiosis the exotic insertion in the (ÊE) line undergoes         recombination, such that at least some gametes comprise a         recombined exotic insertion which includes the gene or genes of         interest, but is significantly shorter than E. The shorter         recombined exotic insertion is denoted E*. The recombination         rate will depend on the plant species, the size of the exotic         insertion, the size and character of the deletion mutant, and         other factors. The recombination rate for the Raphanus fragment         was found to be approximately 0.1%. The progenies (Êe), (Ee) and         (E*e) are screened with molecular markers to identify exotic         insertions that have recombined (E*e). By serial backcrossing         with a null line (ee), the phenotype of E* is expressed. The         phenotype can be verified with measurements depending on the         genes or traits of interest. Although not being limited to any         theory, a high degree of homology between the exotic insertion         and the deletion mutant may lead to a greater probability of         crossing over.

By following this new breeding method, a skilled worker can reduce the size of an exotic insertion while maintaining the gene of interest. This can be done with any species and with any exotic insertion as discussed above.

Further, this method can be repeated until the exotic insertion is deleted to an acceptable length. For example, lines containing the shortened fragment (E*E*) can be crossed with the deletion mutants (ÊÊ) to produce PEA lines. These lines can then be crossed with null lines (ee) lines to allow recombination of the exotic insertion. The progeny (E*e, Êe and E**e) can be screened for further reduction of the exotic fragment. E** denotes a further reduction in the exotic fragment which retains the gene or genes of interest.

Example 7 Continued Backcrossing with Maintainer Line to Produce BC2, BC3, BC4, BC2S2 and BC4S2 Generations, and Convert SRF Lines to Breeding Materials with Normal Maintainer and Restorer Background

All backcrossing and self-pollination were done in the greenhouse under the same conditions mentioned above. BC1 seeds were planted and showed normal genetic segregation. Because of mixed genotype (Rf*rf/rfrf), 50% of the BC1 plants were fertile and other 50% plants were sterile. Four fertile BC1 plants (Rf*rf) were selected as male and crossed to a female line (male sterile A-line) NS1822FC, that has the same nucleus as the maintainer line but with a male sterile cytoplasm to produce BC2 seeds. The bulked BC2 seeds were advanced the same way to produce BC3 and BC4 seeds. Each generation of backcrossing showed normal fertility segregation, 50% fertile and 50% sterile (Table 10). The selected fertile BC2 and BC4 plants, Rfrf, were self-pollinated to generate BC2S1 and BC4S1 (F2) seeds, respectively. BC2S1 and BC4S1 seeds were planted and segregation was observed (Table 11). The homozygous BC2S1 and BC4S1 plants were identified and self-pollinated to produce fixed BC2S2 and BC4S2 seeds. Table 5 lists a summary of the pedigree lines leading to the SRF lines. This is shown in generations M6F2 to BC4S2 of Table 5, inclusive. The result of the breeding was the development of three new lines with a homozygous locus comprising a shortened Raphanus fragment (Rf¹⁴³⁹Rf¹⁴³⁹, Rf¹⁸¹⁵Rf¹⁸¹⁵ and Rf¹⁹³¹Rf¹⁹³¹).) Table 9 is a summary of the chronological events leading to the development of the SRF restorer lines.

TABLE 9 Chronological Events Leading to Rf Lines with Shortened Raphanus Fragment (SRF) Year Activity Result 2000 Irradiated hybrid seeds in KFKI Atomic Energy Research 1.5 kg treated canola seeds Institute (AERI), Hungary. 2001 planted treated seeds and untreated seeds in 1 acre 1215 sterile plants from treated population permitted field 2001 DMA isolation and PCR screening with many Rf markers 3 Rf mutants (R1, R2 & R5) identified 2001 crossed with maintainer line 3 Rf mutant seeds (rfRf{circumflex over ( )}) with different marker loss 2002 crossed with wildtype restorer line Rf{circumflex over ( )}Rf seed 2002 crossed Rf{circumflex over ( )}Rf to maintainer line to convert CMS to fertile mutant plants (rfRf{circumflex over ( )}) normal cytoplasm 2003 selfing rfRf{circumflex over ( )} plant fixed mutant progeny (Rf{circumflex over ( )}Rf{circumflex over ( )}) 2003 crossed Rf{circumflex over ( )}Rf{circumflex over ( )} to wildtype restorer line fertile F1 seed (RfRf{circumflex over ( )}) 2004 crossed Rf{circumflex over ( )}Rf to female line large population of F1 seeds (~4,000 each mutant) 2004 screened ~6,000 rfRf{circumflex over ( )}/rfRf plants with multiple Rf 3 SRF lines with various loss of Raphanus genome in NW1717 markers 2005 fixed 3 rfRf{circumflex over ( )} lines through breeding or DH Rf{circumflex over ( )}Rf{circumflex over ( )} seeds 2005 Series backcrossing with maintainer line BC0 and BC1 2006 continued backcrossing with maintainer line BC2, BC3 and BC2S1 2006 continue characterization, expand evaluation and BC2S2, BC4 and BC4S1 incorporate into breeding materials 2007 continue characterization, expand evaluation and BC4S2 and integreting SRF lines into breeding program with elite incorporate into breeding materials genetic background 2007 Field test agronomic data and quality data

Example 8 Preliminary Data for Improved Fertility Rates in SRF Lines Compared With First Phase Recombinant Lines

Preliminary results from greenhouse grown plants indicate that the SRF lines undergo normal Mendelian segregation of the restorer trait and are better able to restore fertility to Ogura CMS plants than the first phase restorer lines. Table 10 summarizes the backcrossing data from all backcross generations except BC2 in which the data was not collected. The SRF lines were backcrossed to CMS lines. Details of the experiments can be found above, specifically in Example 7. Backcrossed populations of SRF lines R1439, R1815 and R1931 resulted in fertile progenies of 47%, 45% and 52%, respectively. The data is very close to the theoretical number of 50%. Table 11 summarizes the BC4S1 (F2) segregation of three SRF lines with parallel comparison of the NW1717 source. R1439 and R1815 showed normal F2 segregation. That is, one quarter of the F2 progenies, rfrf, were sterile. Two quarters were heterozygous fertile, rfRf* and one quarter were homozygous fertile, Rf*Rf*. The exception was R1931 which showed higher heterozygous and lower homozygous fertile progenies than the theoretical rate.

TABLE 10 Summary of Backcrossing Data for SRF Lines SRF Total Fertile Progeny Sterile Progeny Line Gen Population Recurrent Donor Plant Plant % Genotype Plant % Genotype R1439 BC0 05SM205 NS1822FC rfRf¹⁴³⁹ 32 15 47 rfRf¹⁴³⁹ 17 53 rfrf BC1 05SM235 NS1822FC rfRf¹⁴³⁹ 32 17 53 rfRf¹⁴³⁹ 15 47 rfrf BC3 06SM399 NS1822FC rfRf¹⁴³⁹ 20 7 35 rfRf¹⁴³⁹ 13 65 rfrf BC4 06SM414 NS1822FC rfRf¹⁴³⁹ 20 10 50 rfRf¹⁴³⁹ 10 50 rfrf Total 104 49 47 55 53 R1815 BC0 05SM208 NS1822FC rfRf¹⁸¹⁵ 32 14 44 rfRf¹⁸¹⁵ 18 56 rfrf BC1 05SM236 NS1822FC rfRf¹⁸¹⁵ 32 19 59 rfRf¹⁸¹⁵ 13 41 rfrf BC3 06SM400 NS1822FC rfRf¹⁸¹⁵ 20 8 40 rfRf¹⁸¹⁵ 12 60 rfrf BC4 06SM415 NS1822FC rfRf¹⁸¹⁵ 20 6 30 rfRf¹⁸¹⁵ 14 70 rfrf Total 104 47 45 57 55 R1931 BC0 05SM209 NS1822FC rfRf¹⁹³¹ 32 14 44 rfRf¹⁹³¹ 18 56 rfrf BC1 05SM237 NS1822FC rfRf¹⁹³¹ 32 20 63 rfRf¹⁹³¹ 12 38 rfrf BC3 06SM401 NS1822FC rfRf¹⁹³¹ 20 9 45 rfRf¹⁹³¹ 11 55 rfrf BC4 06SM416 NS1822FC rfRf¹⁹³¹ 20 11 55 rfRf¹⁹³¹ 9 45 rfrf Total 104 54 52 50 48

TABLE 11 Summary of BC4S1 (F2) Population Segregation for SRF Lines Total rfrf (Sterile) rfRf* (Fertile) Rf*Rf* (Fertile) Rf Source Plant Expected Observed % Expected Observed % Expected Observed % R1439 128 32 32 25% 64 69 54% 32 27 21% R1815 127 32 34 25% 64 67 54% 32 26 20% R1931 127 32 30 24% 64 90 71% 32 7  6% NW1717 127 32 31 24% 64 72 57% 32 24 19%

Example 9 Preliminary Data for Embryogenesis Using the SRF Lines

F2 populations of three SRF lines were used as donor plants to fix SRF lines through double haploid (DH) production. The spring canola DH protocol used through microspore embryogenesis was detailed in Swanson, Eric B., Chapter 17, p. 159 in Methods in Molecular Biology, vol. 6, Plant Cell and Tissue Culture, Ed. Jeffrey W. Three F2 populations, 05SM194, 05SM197 and 05SM198, were grown in the greenhouse under normal canola growth conditions, 32 plants for each population. Upon flowering, 10 fertile plants were randomly selected as DH donor plants. Fertile plants had two genotypes: rfRf* and Rf*Rf*. The 10 donor plants were not genotyped with molecular markers but should, on average, consist of 3 Rf*Rf* plants (⅓) and 7 rfRf* plants (⅔). The buds from the 10 donor plants were bulked and used as initial microspore source for DH production. The DH progenies were grown in the same green house conditions until flowering. Their phenotype (fertility) was recorded and summarized in Table 12. The fertile progeny have the Rf*Rf* genotype and the sterile progeny have rfrf. A large difference was observed among three SRF lines. R1439 and R1931 had good embryogenesis in DH production, 47% and 38% fertile progenies, respectively, while R1815 had poor embryogenesis, about 1% fertile progenies.

TABLE 12 Summary of DH Fixing for SRF Lines SRF Donor Plant Total Fertile DH Progeny Sterile DH Progeny Line Generation Population Genotype DH Plant % Genotype Plant % Genotype R1439 M6F2 05SM194 ⅓ Rf¹⁴³⁹Rf¹⁴³⁹ 89 42 47 Rf¹⁴³⁹Rf¹⁴³⁹ 47 53 rfrf ⅔ rfRf¹⁴³⁹ R1815 M6F2 05SM197 ⅓ Rf¹⁸¹⁵Rf¹⁸¹⁵ 114 1 1 Rf¹⁸¹⁵Rf¹⁸¹⁵ 113 99 rfrf ⅔ rfRf¹⁸¹⁵ R1931 M6F2 05SM198 ⅓ Rf¹⁹³¹Rf¹⁹³¹ 116 44 38 Rf¹⁹³¹Rf¹⁹³¹ 72 62 rfrf ⅔ rfRf¹⁹³¹

Example 10 First Year Data for Agronomic and Quality Traits of the SRF Line

In 2007, F3 progeny from three sets of seven crosses, each cross having respectively R1439, R1815 or R1931 as one of the SRF parents and a different breeding line or commercial variety as a second parent, were planted in a restorer breeding nursery at Belfountain, Ontario. The row numbers 1, 20, 40, 60, etc. were planted with 46A65—a commercial canola variety selected for quality purposes. Approximately 100 seeds of each F3 and 46A65 check were planted in rows 3 meters long and spaced 50 cm apart. At physiological maturity, the F3 lines in each cross were visually selected for superior vigor, uniformity, early maturity, and the selected lines were later harvested with 15 grams of open pollinated seed samples for quality analysis. Each quality check row was also harvested with the same amount of seed for quality comparison. Selection for oil, protein and total glucosinolates was performed by comparing each SRF line to the two nearest check rows on each side. The F3 lines having higher oil, higher protein and lower total glucosinolates than the two nearest checks were advanced in the breeding program. The results of quality analysis are summarized in Table 13. Based on the total average of all the harvested lines from seven crosses, the SRF lines had lower total glucosinolates than 46A65, the commercial check.

TABLE 13 Results of quality analysis on seed samples collected from 2007 breeding nursery involving F3 lines from three sets of crosses each involving an SRF source. No. of Oil Content (%) Protein Content (%)** Glucosinolate (umol/g) Line Range Range Range SRF Line or Row Low High Average Low High Average Low High Average R1439 Inbred 47 40.8 47.6 44.3 24.3 29.4 27.0 7.8 15.2 11.1 R1815 Inbred 47 41.8 46.7 44.4 25.1 29.8 27.2 7.2 14.3 10.2 R1931 Inbred 43 41.9 47.2 44.2 24.8 29.6 27.5 6.5 14.5 10.8 Check-46A65* 38 42.6 46.4 44.5 25.5 29.8 27.7 13.0 16.3 14.5 *OP (open-pollination) canola commercial variety developed by Pioneer. **Protein content in whole seed.

Each of the three SRF sources was selected as a donor parent and a Pioneer proprietary non commercial breeding line NS1822BC was selected as recurrent parent to initiate three different backcross series. The BC2 plants were self-pollinated successively twice to produce BC2S2. Several BC2S2 homozygous plants for the restorer gene were identified by marker analysis and harvested in bulk within each series. The three BC2S2 bulks became the male parent in three hybrids involving a common OGU CMS inbred line from Pioneer. The three male lines used in producing these hybrids are expected to have 87.5% genetic similarity since they all are BC2 descendents

The hybrids were evaluated in an un-replicated incomplete block design experiment planted at seven locations in Western Canada. Two of these locations were lost due to poor weather. Data was collected from the remaining five locations. Each plot was planted with six meter long row spaced apart by 17 cm. Yield (q/ha), agronomic traits such as days to flower (50% of the plants in a row have at least one flower), days to mature (number of days from planting to the day when seed color changes from green to brown or black within the pods on bottom part (⅓) of raceme), early vigor (1=poor, 9=excellent), plant height (cm), resistance to lodging (1=poor; 9=excellent) and quality traits such as oil %, protein %, total glucosionolates and total saturated fatty acid were recorded (Table 14). The SRF based restorer produced competitive hybrids for all traits when compared to the commercial hybrid 45H26 which is based on NW1717 source.

TABLE 14 Agronomic and Quality Trait Data of the SRF-based Hybrids from 2007 Field Trial Early Plant Total Yield Days to Days to Vigor Lodging Height Gluc Saturate SRF Line q/ha Mature Flower 1-9 1-9 cm Oil % Protein %** umol/g % R1439 Hybrid 19.09 89.9 46.2 7.7 6.1 126.8 51.8 45.5 10.2 6.93 R1815 Hybrid 20.49 89.7 46.0 7.5 6.5 126.4 51.2 46.7 13.1 6.77 R1931 Hybrid 20.56 89.5 46.1 7.3 6.6 114.8 51.8 45.1 12.5 7.02 Check-45H26* 20.14 89.7 45.8 7.1 6.8 129.1 50.8 45.7 11.1 7.05 # Environment 5 5 2 2 2 3 5 5 5 5 *NW1717 based hybrid canola commercial variety developed by Pioneer. **Protein content in meal.

Percent oil is calculated as the weight of the oil divided by the weight of the seed at 0% moisture. The typical percentage by weight oil present in the mature whole dried seeds is determined by methods based on “AOCS Official Method Am 2-92 Oil content in Oilseeds”. Analysis by pulsed NMR “ISO 10565:1993 Oilseeds Simultaneous determination of oil and water—Pulsed NMR method” or by NIR (Near Infra Red spectroscopy) (Williams, (1975) “Application of Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy to Analysis of Cereal Grains and Oilseeds”, Cereal Chem., 52:561-576, herein incorporated by reference) are acceptable methods and data may be used for Canadian registration as long as the instruments are calibrated and certified by Grain Research Laboratory of Canada. Other methods as known to those skilled in the art may also be used.

The typical percentage by weight of protein in the oil free meal of the mature whole dried seeds is determined by methods based on “AOCS Official Method Ba 4e-93 Combustion Method for the Determination of Crude Protein”. Protein can be analyzed using NIR (Near Infra Red spectroscopy), (Williams, (1975) “Application of Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy to Analysis of Cereal Grains and Oilseeds’, Cereal Chem., 52:561-576, herein incorporated by reference). Data can be used for Canadian registration as long as the instruments are calibrated and certified by Grain Research Laboratory of Canada. Other methods known to those skilled in the art may also be used.

Glucosinolate content is expressed as micromoles per gram at 8.5% moisture. The total glucosinolates of seed at 8.5% moisture is measured by using methods based on “AOCS Official Method AK-1-92 (93) (Determination of glucosinolates content in rapeseed-colza by HPLC)”; herein incorporated by reference. NIR data can be used for Canadian registration as long as the instruments are calibrated and certified by Grain Research Laboratory of Canada.

Percent total saturates is the sum of each individual percentage saturate fatty acid to total oil (e.g. % C12:0+% C14:0+% C16:0+% C18:0+% C20:0+% C22:0+% C24:0). The typical percentages by weight of fatty acids present in the endogenously formed oil of the mature whole dried seeds are determined. During such determination the seeds are crushed and are extracted as fatty acid methyl esters following reaction with methanol and sodium methoxide. Next the resulting ester is analyzed for fatty acid content by gas liquid chromatography using a capillary column which allows separation on the basis of the degree of unsaturation and fatty acid chain length. This procedure is described in the work of Daun, et al., (1983) J. Amer. Oil Chem. Soc., 60:1751-1754 which is herein incorporated by reference.

R1439, R1815 and R1931 are examples of plants/recombination events that contain the second generation shortened Raphanus fragment. These plants can be used to generate new restorer lines generate inbred lines and or generate hybrid lines. Further, any plant part from the new lines or descendants or progeny of the new lines, including but not limited to seeds, cells, pollen, ovules, nucleic acid sequences, tissues, roots, leaves, microspores, vegetative parts, whether mature or embryonic, are included in the scope of the invention. Plant cells, protoplasts and microspores, as well as other plant parts, can be isolated by cell and tissue culture methods as is known to those skilled in the art. Any plant cell comprising the new recombination event designated R1439, R1815 or R1931 is included within the scope of this invention.

Shortening the Raphanus Fragment Further

R1439, R1815 and R1931 are examples of plants that contain the second generation shortened Raphanus fragment. These plants can be used to further shorten the Raphanus fragment by crossing them with the deletion mutant lines, R1, R2 and R5, (or other deletion mutant lines) and repeating the process over again. This process can be carried out repeatedly, until the Raphanus fragment is reduced to a length that is not associated with any undesirable genes or traits.

Generating New Restorer Lines

The second phase recombinant Brassica Ogura restorer lines of this invention may be used to generate new restorer lines by crossing the commercial restorer lines and selecting for the shortened Raphanus fragment. In addition, new restorer lines can be generated de novo by following the methods of the present invention. Further, double haploid production can also be used to produce fixed SRF restorer lines. Methods of double haploid production in Brassica are known to those skilled in the art. See, for example, Beversdorf, et al., (1987) “The utilization of microspore culture and microspore-derived doubled-haploids in a rapeseed (Brassica napus) breeding program”—In Proc. 7th Int. Rapeseed Conf, (Organizing Committee, ed), pp. 13. Poznan, Poland; Swanson, “Microspore Culture in Brassica”. Chapter 17, Methods in Molecular Biology, Vol. 6, P 159-169, Plant Cell and Tissue Culture, Edited by Pollard and Walker by The Humana Press (1990) which are incorporated herein by reference.

Generating Inbred Plants Using Restorer

The second phase recombinant Brassica Ogura restorer lines of this invention may be used for inbreeding using known techniques. The homozygous restorer gene of the Brassica plants can be introduced into Brassica inbred lines by repeated backcrosses of the Brassica plants. For example, the resulting oilseeds may be planted in accordance with conventional Brassica growing procedures and following self-pollination Brassica oilseeds are formed thereon. Again, the resulting oilseeds may be planted and following self pollination, next generation Brassica oilseeds are formed thereon. The initial development of the line (the first couple of generations of the Brassica oilseed) preferably is carried out in a greenhouse in which the pollination is carefully controlled and monitored. This way, the glucosinolate content of the Brassica oilseed for subsequent use in field trials can be verified. In subsequent generations, planting of the Brassica oilseed preferably is carried out in field trials. Additional Brassica oilseeds which are formed as a result of such self pollination in the present or a subsequent generation are harvested and are subjected to analysis for the desired trait, using techniques known to those skilled in the art.

Generating Hybrid Plants Using New Second Phase Recombinant Restorer Lines as Male Parent

This invention enables a plant breeder to incorporate the desirable qualities of an Ogura restorer of cytoplasmic male sterility into a commercially desirable Brassica hybrid variety. Brassica plants may be regenerated from the Ogura restorer of this invention using known techniques. For instance, the resulting oilseeds may be planted in accordance with conventional Brassica-growing procedures and following cross pollination Brassica oilseeds are formed on the female parent. The planting of the Brassica oilseed may be carried out in a greenhouse or in field trials. Additional Brassica oilseeds which are formed as a result of such cross pollination in the present generation are harvested and are subjected to analysis for the desired trait. Brassica napus, Brassica campestris, and Brassica juncea are Brassica species which could be used in this invention using known techniques.

The hybrid may be a single-cross hybrid, a double-cross hybrid, a three-way cross hybrid, a composite hybrid, a blended hybrid, a fully restored hybrid and any other hybrid or synthetic variety that is known to those skilled in the art, using the restorer of this invention.

In generating hybrid plants, it is critical that the female parent (P1) that is cross-bred with the Ogura restorer (P2) have a glucosinolate level that is sufficiently low to ensure that the seed of the F1 hybrid has glucosinolate levels within regulatory levels. The glucosinolate level of the seed harvested from the F1 hybrid is roughly the average of the glucosinolate levels of the female parent (P1) and of the male parent (P2). The glucosinolate level of the hybrid grain (F2) is reflective of the genotype of the F1 hybrid. For example, if the objective is to obtain hybrid grain (F2) having a glucosinolate level of less than 20 μmol/gram and the male parent (Ogura restorer) has a glucosinolate level of 15 μmol/gram, the female parent must have a glucosinolate level of less than 25 μmol/gram.

Generating Plants from Plant Parts

Brassica plants may be regenerated from the plant parts of the restorer Brassica plant of this invention using known techniques. For instance, the resulting oilseeds may be planted in accordance with conventional Brassica-growing procedures and following self-pollination Brassica oilseeds are formed thereon. Alternatively, doubled haploid plantlets may be extracted to immediately form homozygous plants, as is known to those skilled in the art.

Vegetable Meal

In accordance with the present invention it is essential that the edible endogenous vegetable meal of the Brassica oilseed contain glucosinolate levels of not more than 30 μmol/gram of seeds. The female parent which can be used in breeding Brassica plants to yield oilseed Brassica germplasm containing the requisite genetic determinant for this glucosinolate trait is known and is publicly available. For instance, Brassica germplasm for this trait has been available in North America since the mid-1970's.

Representative winter rape varieties that include the genetic means for the expression of low glucosinolate content and that are commercially available in Europe, for example, include, EUROL®, (available from Semences Cargill), TAPIDOR®, SAMOURAI® (available from Ringot). More recent winter rape varieties include 46W10, 46W14, 46WO9, 46W31, 45D01 and 45D03 (available from Pioneer®). Representative spring rape varieties that include the genetic means for the expression of low glucosinolate content and that are commercially available in Canada, for example, include KRISTINA® (available from Svalof Weibull). More recently, 46A76 (available from Proven®) and 46A65 (available from Pioneer®) are available.

The second phase recombinant Ogura restorer lines were deposited at National Collections of Industrial, Marine and Food Bacteria NCIMB Ltd, Ferguson Building, Craibstone Estate, Bucksburn, Aberdeen, AB21 9YA. Scotland, UK. The seeds that were deposited include restorer line R1439 (Accession No. NCIMB 41510), R1815 (Accession No. NCIMB 41511), and R1931 (Accession No. NCIMB 41512) discussed hereafter.

The edible endogenous vegetable oil of the Brassica oilseeds contains fatty acids and other traits that are controlled by genetic means (see, US Patent Application entitled, “Improved Oilseed Brassica Bearing An Endogenous Oil Wherein the Levels of Oleic, Alpha-Linolenic and Saturated Fatty Acids Are Simultaneously Provided In An Atypical Highly Beneficial Distribution Via Genetic Control”, of Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc., WO91/15578; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,387,758, incorporated herein by reference). Preferably erucic acid of the Brassica oilseed is included in a low concentration of no more than 2 percent by weight based upon the total fatty acid content that is controlled by genetic means in combination with the other recited components as specified. The genetic means for the expression of such erucic acid trait can be derived from commercially available canola varieties having good agronomic characteristics, such as 46A05, 46A65, BOUNTY®, CYCLONE®, DELTA®, EBONY®, GARRISON®, IMPACT®, LEGACY®, LEGEND®, PROFIT®, and QUANTUM®. Each of these varieties is registered in Canada and is commercially available in that country.

Herbicide Resistance

As is known to those skilled in the art, it is possible to use this invention to develop a Brassica plant which is a restorer of fertility for Ogura cytoplasmic male sterility, and produces oilseeds having low glucosinolate content and has other desirable traits. Additional traits which are commercially desirable are those which would reduce the cost of production of the Brassica crop or which would increase the quality of the Brassica crop. Herbicide resistance, for example, is a desirable trait.

A person skilled in the art could use the Brassica plant of this invention to develop a Brassica plant which is a restorer of fertility for Ogura cytoplasmic male sterility, produces oilseeds having low glucosinolate content and which is resistant to one or more herbicides. Herbicide resistance could include, for example, resistance to the herbicide glyphosate, sold by Monsanto™ under the trade mark ROUNDUP™. Glyphosate is an extremely popular herbicide as it accumulates only in growing parts of plants and has little or no soil residue.

There are two genes involved in glyphosate resistance in canola. One is for an enzyme which detoxifies the herbicide: it is called GOX, glyphosate oxidoreductase. The other is a mutant target gene, for a mutant form of EPSP synthase. One skilled in the art could use GOX or CP4 (5-Enol-pyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase from Agrobacterium sp. CP4 (CP4 EPSPS)) with promoters in canola. Basically, the genes are introduced into a plant cell, such as a plant cell of this invention carrying the restorer gene for Ogura cytoplasmic male sterility, and then the plant cell grown into a Brassica plant.

As another example, a person skilled in the art could use the Brassica plant of this invention to develop a Brassica plant which is a restorer of fertility for Ogura cytoplasmic male sterility, produces oilseeds having low glucosinolate content and which is resistant to the family of imidazolinone herbicides, sold by BASF under trade-marks such as CLEARFIELD. Resistance to the imidazolinones is conferred by the acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) gene, also known as acetolactate synthase (ALS). One skilled in the art could introduce the mutant form of AHAS present in varieties such as the Pioneer™ spring canola variety, 45A71, into a Brassica plant which also carries the shortened Raphanus fragment containing the restorer gene for the Ogura cytoplasm. Alternatively, one could introduce a modified form of the AHAS gene with a suitable promoter into a canola plant cell through any of several methods. Basically, the genes are introduced into a plant cell, such as a plant cell of this invention carrying the restorer gene for Ogura cytoplasmic male sterility, and then the plant cell grown into a Brassica plant.

If desired, a genetic means for tolerance to a herbicide when applied at a rate which is capable of destroying rape plants which lack said genetic means optionally may also be incorporated in the rape plants of the present invention as described in commonly assigned U.S. Pat. No. 5,387,758, that is herein incorporated by reference. Glyphosate resistance may be conferred by glyphosate N-acetyl transferase (GAT) genes: see for example, WO2002/36782 or WO2005/012515; US Patent Application Publication Numbers 2004/0082770, 2005/0246798, 2006/0200874, 2006/0191033, 2006/0218663 and 2007/0004912; and Canadian Patent Application Numbers 2,521,284 and 2,425,956 all of which are herein incorporated by reference.

Breeding Techniques

It has been found that the combination of desired traits described herein, once established, can be transferred into other plants within the same Brassica napus, Brassica campestris, or Brassica juncea species by conventional plant breeding techniques involving cross-pollination and selection of the progeny.

Also, once established the desired traits can be transferred between the napus, campestris, and juncea species using the same conventional plant breeding techniques involving pollen transfer and selection. The transfer of traits between Brassica species, such as napus and campestris, by standard plant breeding techniques is documented in the technical literature. (See, for instance, Tsunada, et al., “Brassica Crops and Wild Alleles Biology and Breeding.” Japan Scientifc Press, Tokyo (1980)).

As an example of the transfer of the desired traits described herein from napus to campestris, one may select a commercially available campestris variety such as REWARD®, GOLDRUSH®, and KLONDIKE®, and carry out an interspecific cross with an appropriate plant derived from a napus breeding line, such as that discussed hereafter (i.e., R1439, R1815 and R1931). Alternatively, other napus breeding lines may be reliably and independently developed using known techniques. After the interspecific cross, members of the F1 generation are self pollinated to produce F2 oilseed. Selection for the desired traits is then conducted on single F2 plants which are then backcrossed with the campestris parent through the number of generations required to obtain a euploid (n=10) campestris line exhibiting the desired combination of traits.

In order to avoid inbreeding depression (e.g., loss of vigor and fertility) that may accompany the inbreeding of Brassica campestris, selected, i.e., BC1 plants that exhibit similar desired traits while under genetic control advantageously can be sib-mated. The resulting oilseed from these crosses can be designated BC1SIB1 oilseed. Accordingly, the fixation of the desired alleles can be achieved in a manner analogous to self-pollination while simultaneously minimizing the fixation of other alleles that potentially exhibit a negative influence on vigor and fertility.

A representative Brassica juncea variety of low glucosinolate content and low erucic acid content into which the desired traits can be similarly transferred is the commercial variety 45J10.

Stand of Plants

The oilseed Brassica plants of the present invention preferably are provided as a substantially uniform stand of plants. The Brassica oilseeds of the present invention preferably are provided as a substantially homogeneous assemblage of oilseeds.

The improved oilseed Brassica plant of the present invention is capable of production in the field under conventional oilseed Brassica growing conditions that are commonly utilized during oilseed production on a commercial scale. Accordingly, the invention includes a method of growing a Brassica plant, comprising: sowing seed designated R1439, R1815 or R1931 and having NCIMB Accession Numbers 41510, 41511, and 41512 respectively, or a descendent (for example, a sexual progeny or offspring), a vegetative cutting or asexual propagule or from a plant produced by crossing R1439, R1815 or R1931 with a second plant; and growing the resultant plant under Brassica growing conditions. Such oilseed Brassica exhibits satisfactory agronomic characteristics and is capable upon self-pollination of forming oilseeds that possess the commercially acceptable glucosinolate levels within the meal present therein. Further, the applicant's teaching includes an assemblage of crushed Brassica seed of the lines with SRF, their descendants and progeny thereof, and the oil and meal from such lines. The oil can be produced by crushing seeds produced by the plant line designated R1439, R1815 or R1931, or their descendents, sub-lines, or from a plant produced by crossing R1439, R1815 or R1931 with a second plant; and extracting oil from said seeds. The method can further comprise the step of: refining, bleaching and deodorizing the oil.

DEPOSITS

The seeds of the subject invention were deposited in the National Collections of Industrial, Marine and Food Bacteria Ltd (NCIMB), Ferguson Building, Craibstone Estate, Bucksburn, Aberdeen, AB21 9YA Scotland, UK

Seed Accession No. Deposit Date Brassica napus oleifera R1439 NCIMB 41510 Oct. 22, 2007 Brassica napus oleifera R1815 NCIMB 41511 Oct. 22, 2007 Brassica napus oleifera R1931 NCIMB 41512 Oct. 22, 2007

All publications, patents and patent applications are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety to the same extent as if each individual publication, patent or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference in its entirety.

The present invention has been described in detail and with particular reference to the preferred embodiments; however, it will be understood by one having ordinary skill in the art that changes can be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope thereof.

TABLE 1a Rf Markers for SRF Restorer Lines 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 Phenotype Fertile Sterile Sterile Sterile Fertile Fertile Fertile Cytoplasm CMS CMS CMS CMS CMS CMS CMS Marker Size NW1717 Deletion Deletion Deletion SRF- SRF- SRF- Group Marker (bp) (wildtype) Mutant R1 Mutant R2 Mutant R5 R1439 R1815 R1931 I RMA01 247 + − + + − − − RMA02 198 + − + + − − − RMA03 233 + − + + − − − RMA04 348 + − + + − − − RMA05 581 + − + + − − − RMA06 249 + − + + − − − RMA07 350 + − + + − − − RMA08 354 + − + + − − − RMA09 357 + − + + − − − RMA10 208 + − + + − − − II RMB01 572 + − − − + + + E35M62 215 + − − − + + + RMB02 301 + − − − + + + RMB03 459 + − − − + + + RMB04 168 + − − − + + + RMB05 325 + − − − + + + RMB06 504 + − − − + + + RMB07 537 + − − − + + + RMB08 524 + − − − + + + RMB09 316 + − − − + + + RMB10 358 + − − − + + + OPF10 496 + − − − + + + RMB11 317 + − − − + + + RMB12 750 + − − − + + + III RMC01 356 + + + − + + + RMC02 479 + + + − + + + RMC03 266 + + + − + + + E38M60 116 + + + − + + + RMC04 213 + + + − + + + RMC05 500 + + + − + + + RMC06 482 + + + − + + + RMC07 466 + + + − + + + RMC08 547 + + + − + + + RMC09 327 + + + − − + + RMC10 465 + + + − − + + RMC11 273 + + + − − + + RMC12 347 + + + − − + + RMC13 382 + + + − − + + RMC14 533 + + + − − + + RMC15 711 + + + − − + + RMC16 400 + + + − − + + RMC17 554 + + + − + + − RMC18 525 + + + − + + − RMC19 543 + + + − + + − RMC20 463 + + + − + + − RMC21 269 + + + − + + − RMC22 747 + + + − + + − RMC23 219 + + + − + + − RMC24 363 + + + − − − − OPC2 678 + + + − − − − RMC25 364 + + + − − − − RMC26 201 + + + − − − − RMC27 238 + + + − − − − RMC28 623 + + + − − − − RMC29 198 + + + − − − − RMC30 525 + + + − − − − RMC31 379 + + + − − − − RMC32 450 + + + − − − − RMC33 275 + + + − − − − IV E33M47 122 − − − − − − − E32M50 252 − − − − − − − OPN20 587 − − − − − − − OPH15 637 − − − − − − − IN6RS4 236 − − − − − − − E33M58 281 − − − − − − − E32M59A 406 − − − − − − − E32M59B 350 − − − − − − − OPH03 591 − − − − − − − V IN10RS4 287 + + − − + + + RME01 454 + + − - + + + RME02 233 + + − − + + + RME03 533 + + − − + + + RME04 699 + + − − + + + RME05 477 + + − − + + + RME06 480 + + − − + + + RME07 579 + + − − + + + RME08 496 + + − − + + + RME09 574 + + − − + + + RME10 570 + + − − + + + Rf Marker Loss 0/59 24/59 14/59 49/59 29/59 21/59 28/59 (I, II & II) 01 02 03 Phenotype Cytoplasm 11 12 13 14 Marker Size Forward Primer SEQ Reverse Primer SEQ Group Marker (bp) (5′->3′) ID (5′->3′) ID I RMA01 247 GCTTCTACTTCCATACCA NO. 1 CAAGCTCTTCGGTATGAA NO. 2 ATGG ACG RMA02 198 AAGCTTCAGCTTATCCTT NO. 3 GTTCGTTGTAGATCGGAT NO. 4 GG CC RMA03 233 CTTGCTGCAAAGCACTTC NO. 5 AGCTTCAGACCAAGTCCC NO. 6 TC AG RMA04 348 GGATCACGAAACTCCCAA NO. 7 TCATATCTCCCTCCTTGT NO. 8 GG CCA RMA05 581 AAGCTCAGGCTCCTTCAC NO. 9 GGGAAGGAGATCCGGACT NO. 10 CG CA RMA06 249 AAGCTTATAGAGTAGCCA NO. 11 TCTAAGATCAGTATATGG NO. 12 TTGAG ACAGC RMA07 350 CGGACTCTTTAGCTCCGC NO. 13 CACCTCCTGTCGGCATCT NO. 14 CA CA RMA08 354 TATTCTGCTTCATGTGGT NO. 15 ACGATTGTTAAGTTGACG NO. 16 GATC AAAG RMA09 357 TTTTTCAATGCTTCTGTG NO. 17 GCACAAAATTACAATCAG NO. 18 CAG CGC RMA10 208 AAGCTTTGTGTTGCTAAT NO. 19 AGTTGAAACGATATAACT NO. 20 GTAT TGTGA II RMB01 572 ATTGTCGTTGTCGATGCA NO. 21 AGAAGAAGAAAGTGCCAA NO. 22 TC GCA E35M62 215 AAAATTGCGAGGTTCAGG NO. 23 CTCCAGCTCCTGTTAGTG NO. 24 AAT ACTCTT RMB02 301 AATTTATGGGGTGTCAAT NO. 25 TGGCTGATTTGCAACATA NO. 26 TGA AA RMB03 459 GTTCTGGCTATGTCGAGA NO. 27 CCAGAGTTTGGAGGCAGA NO. 28 CCAC CT RMB04 168 GAGTTGTGGGTTTGGCCG NO. 29 ACGCACCAGAACGATCAA NO. 30 TC TC RMB05 325 ATCAGAGCAAAAGAGTGC NO. 31 CGAAATACCGAAGAACCA NO. 32 GTAG AATC RMB06 504 ACATCGGTCGAAGAAGTT NO. 33 AATCTTGAGGCAAGCCTG NO. 34 CC AC RMB07 537 AGCTTCTATTCAGCCAAA NO. 35 GCATTACCGTTGGAAAAT NO. 36 AGG TTC RMB08 524 ACCAAAGACACCATAACG NO. 37 CGCACTTTTAGCAGCAGT NO. 38 AGG TC RMB09 316 CCCACTCTTGTTACCTTC NO. 39 GTTCCCACAGCCTACCAG NO. 40 AGC TAC RMB10 358 ATTGGATTTGAATGAGAT NO. 41 TCCATTGATCTCTGCACA NO. 42 GG TC OPF10 496 AACTTTTTGTGTTTGATT NO. 43 ACTCCTTCTAAACAAAAC NO. 44 TCTTGC CAAACA RMB11 317 AAGCTTGTCTCCTACGTA NO. 45 TCAGAAAGATATTTCACG NO. 46 CTTC TCAC RMB12 750 TGGACTAAGAAAGGGTCA NO. 47 CGAAGAATCTCTACTCTGT NO. 48 GGTA TGT III RMC01 356 AGGAAGTGAGAGGCAGTT NO. 49 TCCATGGGTGTCCTAGGAT NO. 50 GG C RMC02 479 TGCGTAACACTTCTTTGC NO. 51 TGCAGAACTCAAAGCCATT NO. 52 TTC C RMC03 266 AAGCTTATTTTCATCCTG NO. 53 CATCACCATCATCACAGTA NO. 54 CAA ATT E38M60 116 TCCATAGAAGAAACTCTT NO. 55 TCGACACACTTACTAATCT NO. 56 TGCAAC GAGAGTG RMC04 213 TATTTTGTCCTCGGTTAG NO. 57 TTCCTTTGTGTTTGGTTAG NO. 58 ATC GG RMC05 500 TGCGAGTTTAATCCGGAC NO. 59 CCGCGTTATTCTGGTTCAG NO. 60 GC AGA RMC06 482 TTCCTCGGCAAGAACAAC NO. 61 GCCGTCTAACAGCAGGTGC NO. 62 GC A RMC07 466 CCGTATTTGAAAACGTGG NO. 63 TCAACCGTGAATTTGGGTC NO. 64 CG G RMC08 547 GAGGCGAAAACATAAACA NO. 65 ATCGCCAAAACTGTTTCAG NO. 66 AGG G RMC09 327 TCGGTTTTTCGAGGGTAT NO. 67 TCCGATTTAGAATCGAACC NO. 68 CA TG RMC10 465 TCCTGCAGTTTGAAATCC NO. 69 AAGTTTCCCCAAACCAACT NO. 70 TTG TC RMC11 273 AAGCTTAATAGCGACTTC NO. 71 TGAAAACCCTAGTCTCTCT NO. 72 TTC CTC RMC12 347 AATGGATGAACTCGAGAC NO. 73 TGATAACCCCTCGTTTCCT NO. 74 GG G RMC13 382 TGTCAGCATTCAGCAGAA NO. 75 AGGGATTGAAAGCTGGGAA NO. 76 GC C RMC14 533 TTGACGGTTACCCAAAAT NO. 77 TTGATTGCTTCACCCTCAC NO. 78 ACCG CC RMC15 711 AAAGCATCCTTTGCAAGG NO. 79 GAACCAAAAATGAGTGGAT NO. 80 GG GG RMC16 400 AAATTGTTACAAAGTATG NO. 81 TTCAGTAAACATTTTACTC NO. 82 GAGAAAT ATTCTC RMC17 554 TTTCCACACAAATCGGAT NO. 83 TGGCCAATGAAAGTTTACT NO. 84 TTAA GAT RMC18 525 ACCAAACCGAGAACAAAA NO. 85 GGTTCGAATACTTTGGTTT NO. 86 TAGGTG TTTGG RMC19 543 TGGAGGTGTCAAAGTGTG NO. 87 CGCAAGTCACTTTATTTGG NO. 88 GC C RMC20 463 GAACCACGACTTTGGGTC NO. 89 GCTTTGGTTAGAATGTCGG NO. 90 TG C RMC21 269 GAGAATATTGGAAGAAAG NO. 91 AAGTCGTGGTTCCTTTGA NO. 92 CGG GG RMC22 747 GCTCTACGAGTGAGGATC NO. 93 CACTTTCGGAATCCAAGC NO. 94 AAAG TC RMC23 219 AGCTTATAGGCTTCTAGA NO. 95 GTTTCTGTTTCTGCAGGC NO. 96 CCC TC RMC24 363 AGCTTTAATTCATGTATT NO. 97 AATTTTTTTGTGATACAT NO. 98 TTTACA TTCAA OPC2 678 CTGTAACTTTCAACCCAA NO. 99 TTTTGGGGATTACTCTTC NO. 100 CTCGTAGAA TTAGCTTTC RMC25 364 AAGCTTGATCAAAGATCA NO. 101 AACAAACTAATGAGCAAC NO. 102 CAG AGG RMC26 201 CAGACCGTTCAAGTTCAT NO. 103 CAAGTTGCTCGGCATATG NO. 104 GG AT RMC27 238 CCTTCTCCAAACCGGTAA NO. 105 TTTTGAGAAATGACGGAT NO. 106 AC CG RMC28 623 AGACCAAGAGGAAGCGTA NO. 107 AAGAAACAACCCAGACTC NO. 108 GC CG RMC29 198 CAATGATTTATACTTCGT NO. 109 GCAGCGTACGGTATGTCT NO. 110 TTTTGC ATCT RMC30 525 CATTTGGTTTGTCCGTGT NO. 111 AGGCGACAACCTCTTTCA NO. 112 GT AC RMC31 379 CATTTTCTTTAACAACGC NO. 113 ACGACGGCGACATGTAGT NO. 114 GC AC RMC32 450 TCTCTCACACTTTCTCTC NO. 115 CGCCGAGAATTTCCGCGC NO. 116 AC C RMC33 275 CAAATCAATACCATTAAA NO. 117 TTTTTGATTAATTTCCTT NO. 118 AGTGG TCACA IV E33M47 122 AATAGAGGGAGAGGATGA NO. 119 AGCTACCTAACAGGTTTT NO. 120 AAGAAC GTTATAAAG E32M50 252 TCACATTAGTAAAACGAT NO. 121 GATTGATTTTTTGGACTC NO. 122 TGTCCAC CGTT OPN20 587 CCTTAGTTTAGTTGTAGG NO. 123 AGAAACCGCTCAATTTTA NO. 124 TGGTGG ACATAA OPH15 637 CCTTGGCTATGTGCTTAT NO. 125 TAAAACACAGAGACAATC NO. 126 GTATTT GTGAGG IN6RS4 236 CATTGATACATGAATGCA NO. 127 GATGAAAACATTTACAGA NO. 128 AAGAAG CAATGC E33M58 281 CTGCATAAAATTATCGAA NO. 129 TTCTGTTTCAGCGCTAAC NO. 130 GACAGATA AAATC E32M59A 406 CTTTGTCATTGTGTGTGT NO. 131 AATATGATTTCCAATTTG NO. 132 GTGTGT CCAAGT E32M59B 350 AATTCTTGCTCCATTATG NO. 133 CACAAGACGATCAGGAAA NO. 134 ATTTCA AAGAA OPH03 591 TCCACTCCTAGTTCACAA NO. 135 TATACAAAATGTTGGAAT NO. 136 TCTATTTT ACACAAGG V IN10RS4 287 CAGAACACAGTTCTATGA NO. 137 TATAGGAGCTTTGTTCTG NO. 138 CACTG TAGTGG RME01 454 TCCATTGCAGAATTCACC NO. 139 TGTTTTCTTCGTCATGTC NO. 140 TG GG RME02 233 CTTGAGGGAAGGAGACGA NO. 141 ATTTTGGGTCATGGGTTT NO. 142 GA TT RME03 533 ATATCCTTAAACCCTTGC NO. 143 TTGAATACCTCCAAGGAC NO. 144 GC CC RME04 699 GGTCTCAGGTTTTGTGGG NO. 145 GGTTCTCAAAGATTCCGA NO. 146 AG GG RME05 477 CTTGGTCACACCCATCTT NO. 147 TGTCCGATAAACTCTCTG NO. 148 CTC CG RME06 480 ATCAACCACGTTCATCCA NO. 149 AACTCAAATACTCTCGGC NO. 150 TG CAG RME07 579 ATTTACCAAATGGATCAC NO. 151 CCGAGAATTGAACATTGT NO. 152 TCTGG AAAGA RME08 496 CAATTCCACAACGTAGCA NO. 153 CTTTTCGACTAAGAACCG NO. 154 GAG GC RME09 574 AGCTTGGACTATGCCGTT NO. 155 ATTTCAGGACCGGCTATG NO. 156 TG TG RME10 570 TCGAGAATCCTCTACAAA NO. 157 AAGCACCACTTATTCGAC NO. 158 CGC AGC Rf Marker Loss (I, II & II)

TABLE 1b Rf Marker Sequences SEQ Marker Size ID Sequence (5′ -> 3′) RMA01 247 NO. GCTTCTACTTCCATACCAATGGACATTATCGCATAGCTGGCTATATTCTTGGAGTCAGCTGGGAGAAGGTTAGTTCCTTGGTCTT 159 CGTATCGGTGAGCTATGTACTGAGTAATGGCTCTTGATTCTACACAAAAAAAAAACAAATCATGTTAGTGAAATTTTCTTCTTAT GCGTATTTGTTCAATTCAGGTTTGAGATTGAAGATGAGATAATGATTGCTTATAAACGTTTCATACCGAAGAGCTTG RMA02 198 NO. AAGCTTCAGCTTATCCTTGGCCTAGAAGCAACGTCAATAACTTTCCAACCGTGCCTTGGTTTTACGATCGGGAAGATGATCTGGA 160 AAGCTGACAACGAGATCTTTCTATTGACATCTCGCTCGTTTTCTGGTTCCTTCTAGATCAACGGGAAAACACTGATGAAGTTGAC TTATCGGCGGATCCGATCTACAACGAAC RMA03 233 NO. CTTGCTGCAAAGCACTTCTCTCATCCACTCTTAGTTCAACTTCTGCTTCAAGCTTTAGTATTGTTTGCTTTAAACTTGAGACATC 161 CTCTTGCAAACTCTTCACTGATGCTACCGAGGAGAGACTGAGCTCACTGAGACCTTTGTTCTCAACCTTGGCTTGCTGAATCTCC TCATGCAGCTCGTTGTTTCGGAACTCTCCATGTCATTCATGATCTGGGACTTGGTCTGAAGCT RMA04 348 NO. GGATCACGAAACTCCCAAGGAAACTTATAAGTATTTTAGGTAAGACCGGTGTCAAGAAGAACCTGAGGACTATCTTTTCTTGAGA 162 AGAAGTATCAGCTTTCATCAGGATGAATCTTTCACCGGTAGAGATAGTCTAAGAGAGACACAAGAAAGAACTTCCTATTCCCTTC TTCCTTTCAAAAAAAAAACTCAGGAAAAGAGCTGAAGAGGAAGACCACTAAAACACAAGTAGTAAGGCTGACATATTTAAGGCTA GACAGAAACGTAACAGAAAGGAAAATAAGACTCAAGAACATGAAAGTAGACAAAGGGTTGAAAGAAAAGATATGGACAAGGAGGG AGATATGA RMA05 581 NO. AAGCTCAGGCTCCTTCACCGCTTCTTCTACATCAATGTTCTTCCCCTTTGATTTGCTACGTTCTTCCCCAGAAGAAGCACTAATC 163 TCAGATTCTTCATCACTGCTCTCATCAGAATCACTGTACCTCCTCTTCCTCCTATGACCTCTCCTCTTCCTACTACTTCCGCTTT TCTTCTTCTTATTCCTTCTTCTACGCCTCCTATCTTCCTCATCCGAATCATCACTCTCGCTCTCCTCTTCCGATTCGCTATCACT CCTTCTCCTACGCTTACTCCTAGACCTCTTACTCTTCCTCTTCTTCCTAGATCTATCAGATTCAGATCCCGACTTACCCGAATCA GATTCGCCTTTCCGTTGTTTCGGATCGTCAACATCCTTCTCCGGAACCACCTCCTCGTCAGCGGCGTTCTCATCGGACTCTTCCT CGTCGGGATCTCTGGGCGGACTCGGCCGTGTTCTCCCATATGCAGTACTTTCCAGATTTCCTCATCCTTGAGGCGTTTAAGCCCT CCTGTACTCCTCGTGACCTCAATTCCTTTCAACCTCTTTCGTTCCGGAGTCTGAGTCCGGATCTCCTTCCC RMA06 249 NO. AAGCTTATAGAGTAGCCATTGAGTCGCCTCTGATTAACTTTTTGAAAAGCCAAGTGTGAACTTTTTCCTCCTTCGTTTCCCAAAA 164 AAAAACCACTTTTCTTTGATAACATTCTCTTGGATCCAAGCAACCCAAACTGAATCAGTTTTGGAAGAATAACATCCACATGAGC TTGAGCATTCAAGATTTGTTTCATACATGGATGTTCCGGCTAGTGATAAATATTTTGCTGTCCATATACTGATCTTAGA RMA07 329 NO. CGGACTCTTTAGCTCCGCCATAACAACCACAGCAGCCTCCGGTGTGAAAAAACTCCACTTTTTCACAACAACCCACCGTCCAAGA 165 TCCCTCTCCTTCACCAGAACCGCAATCCGCGCCGAGAAAACAGATTCCGCCGCCGCCGCCCCAGCCCCCGCCGTGAAAGAAGCTC CGGTGGGATTCACGCCGCCTCAGCTAGACCCAAACACACCGTCACCGATCTTCGCGGGGAGCACCGGTGGGCTTCTCCGCAAAGC CCAGGTGGAAGAGATCTACGTTATTACATGGAACTCGCCGAAAGAACAGATCTTTGAGATGCCGACAGGAGGTG RMA08 354 NO. TATTCTGCTTCATGTGGTGATCATCTCCAAACTCACATAGCCAAAATATTGTTTCAAAAAGTTCGATAACCTTATCAATATCGAT 166 CCACTCCAGTGGTCTTTTAATAATGTAATCAATGGATAGTCAATTCGTGAATCTATTGATTCTTGTATATATGGATATGTGAAAG GAGAACAAATTAAATCATGTACAAGTCAAACATTGGAGTAGTATTAGCCTCCATTTTCTATAGATATGAATGCTCCGGAAAACAA CTTCTTGTTCAAGATGAAATCAGTACATGAACATCGTACATATATCGAGTAGATTCTCTATGATGTAAGTTCATTTTCTTTCGTC AACTTAACAATCGT RMA09 357 NO. TTTTTCAATGCTTCTGTGCAGAATACCCTAATTCTCAGGAAATTCAACATGGTCTACCTCTAATACATTGGCAACAGGTTCAAGG 167 AGATGATGCTCCTCAGGTGATTTTTAAATTATATTTCTCTTTTTAAAGGCAGTTATTTATTATAATTATTTTCTTGTCAATAATA TTCACCAAAGATATCCTCACTAATACATTCACTCTTCCTTTTACCTTGATTTATACGTTTTCCCCTGGAATCTATACTTAATATT CCATCAAAAATAGTTATTGTATGTTTACTTTGAAAGGTACCAAAACCACATATTTAATTTCAATCGTTATTATGATTATATGCGC TGATTGTAATTTTGTGC RMA10 208 NO. AAGCTTTGTGTTGCTAATGTATATATTAACATCTTGTCAAACTACTCATCATAATTATATATGCTACAACCCGGGCTACAACTAA 168 TGAAATTTGATCAACTGATCATCATTTTTGGTAAAGTTATACAAAATATTATTTCGCTGATAAATTTTTCAGTCTTTCAAAAATG TGGTTTTTATTTTTATCACAAGTTATATCGTTTCAACT RMB01 572 NO. ATTGTCGTTGTCGATGCATCCTCCAGCTGCTCTTCAGGCCATGTTGTTGATGATCCTTTCATCGGGGAGAAACAGCTGTCCATTT 169 TCCCTATCTTCTTGTCCAAATCTGTGATGCAGTCGCTCAGGCTGTTCCTGTTTGCCTGCCTCAGCCAAGGTATAGCTACAGACGC ATTCTGCGAGATAAAACTCTCGCACGACTTGATTCTTTTCGGCTTTCCGGAAGACGGCTTCTTGCTAGGTAACTGAGAGTTATTA TTCCACACATGAATCCCCGAGTCTTCTGTTGTTGACACGATGTGTTTACCGTCCAAAGTAAACGAGGCACGTGTTGTGCAGACGC CAGAAGCTGCAAAAAAGGAAGTTAGCCAAAAGGTTATACATCTTAATTCTTAAGTAGAACAAAAAAAAATAAGGCACTAATTGTC TCTAATACTAACCTTTAAGCTTGCAGATGACATCATCACCAGATATGATACGAATCTGTGAATCAGCACAGGTAACCATTACTTT GTCGGAGTCATTGGGAAAATACTCAAGACCAGTGATCCTTTTGCTTGGCACTTTCTTCTTCT E35M62 215 NO. AAAATTGCGAGGTTCAGGAATGCTGTTTACAGCGTTGATGAAGACTTGATAGGGGTCCGAAAGGGCATCATAGGACAAGTAGTTA 170 GACATAGGATGTTCAGTACAAGAGTTCACTGAGTCACAGTGATAATCTCGCAGGTAGCTTGGAGCCTTATGAACTCTGCGTGTAG AAGTGTCTGGAGGTCTGCTTGAAGAGTCACTAACAGGAGCTGGAG RMB02 301 NO. AATTTATGGGGTGTCAATTGAACCCCCTAAACTGCATGTAGGTCCGCCACGGGATGGAAATGAAACTAGTAAAATAATAACAATT 171 TTAAAGATGCTGATAATAGTAAATAACCAATTAATTTGCATAATAAAAATAATTACCATCAGGACGAGCATATAGTAAATCATGA CAGGGTCCATGACATAGTTACATATGCATCTTTAAAAACTACTAGAACAATAGTCGATGAAATTGGAAATATTGAAAAACCTAAC TTGAATGCAAAATGATTTTATAAAGTTTTATGTTGCAAATCAGCCA RMB03 459 NO. GTTCTGGCTATGTCGAGACCACTGAACCACCATGCCTCATGTCTGAATCGTGAGCTCGACTTCTTCTTCTTCTTCGTGGGTTTCG 172 TCATCATCAACTCGCAACCGCCGTGAACATGCTCATTCTTAATCTACGATTCTCAGCCGTGTGTGCTATGAAACTCACATTGAGC TCCTAATCTCCACCGTAATCCTCCTTTCTGTTACCATGATCTTAGACGTAATCAAAACGATGTAGAACCGGTGGCGTCATTCTCT GACACAGATCCAATTCAACAAGATCTCACCGGAATCCATGGTCATGACAAGCTCAACATCGTCGTCCAGAATCAAGCCTTGTCGT CTCAGCTCACCTTTGGTCGGATTGAAATCTCGATCGAACACTAACAATGGTCATCTTTAGCTTATTTGCATCTGGGTCCCTCAAA TTTCAGTTATTTTCAGTCTGCCTCCAAACTCTGG RMB04 168 NO. GAGTTGTGGGTTTGGCCGTCTCTGCTGGGATTAGCACCCCTGGAATGTGTGCGAGTCTTGCGTATTTTGATACGTATAGGCGTGC 173 GAGATTGCCGGCGAATCTGGTTCAGGCGCAGAGAGATCTCTTTGGAGCTCATACTTACGAGAGGATTGATCGTTCTGGTGCGT RMB05 325 NO. ATCAGAGCAAAAGAGTGCGTAGATGGGTTTTGAGTTTTGAAGGAGGAAACATTGGTTTCTCCATGCATTTTGAAGTTTGAGTGAG 174 GATAATGTTTTCTGTTTTAGTTCGGCTCGGATAAAAATTGTGACCGCTTTTTTTTGTTGTTGTTTTGATTTGGAATCTATTTTTT TGATGTTTTGGTCTGCCCATCCATATCTAGATTATATAGTTAGATTATATAGTTGGATAGGAAAAGTTTTTTTTTTTGGGTCAAC AGGATAGGAAAAGTCTATCCAGTGAAAGTGGTGTTCAATCTAAATATTGATTTGGTTCTTCGGTATTTCG RMB06 504 NO. ACATCGGTCGAAGAAGTTCCTGCATCAATTAGTACGTGGAGTTATCTTTTGTCTCTTTCTATAAGAGGCACTGGAAATCTCAAGA 175 CCATAACACAGCTCCACCAAAGCCTATATATGCTGGACTTAAGCTACACAGATATTGAGAAGATTCCAGAGTGCAACAATGGCCT TGACGGGGTGGAATACCTTTATCTAGCTGGCTGTAGAAGACTCACATCATTGCCAGAGCTCCCTGGTTCGCTCATATCCCTATTG GCAGAAAATTGTGAATCACTGGAGACCGTTTCTTCCCCGTTGAACACTCCAAAGGCACACCTCAATTTCACCAACTGCTTCAAAC TGGACCAACAAACAAGAAGAGCCATTATGCAACCACGACCGTCTCTCTACAGGCTGGCAATCTTACCAGGAAGGGAAATACCTGC AGAGTTTGATCACCGAGGTCATGAGACCACCATTGGTCCTTTTTCTGCATCCTCCAGGTGTCAGGCTTGCCTCAAGATT RMB07 537 NO. AGCTTCTATTCAGCCAAAAGGTTTTGATTTTGACCAATTTAGAGATTTTGTATTGGATTCAGTTGTACTTGTGCACAAAAAGAAG 176 TATTGGAATCAGTTAGGGTTCTAGCTTTTGCAAAGAACTTTATTTTTCTTGTATCAGCTTCGATAATGTAGATCAAACTGAATAA ATGTTAAACAAAATAATTATTCAAAGCAAATACAATTATGCAGAACAAATGCACATTATATGTTTATCAAACAATTTACTAAATA TCATATATATTAAATGTTAAACTCATTATTTAAGGCTAGCACAAAATTTGTACGTGGAAATTTATGCATGATATTCTTAAAATTC ATGTCCCTGGCAATGAGCAAAACATTTTCTATTCCCATGAGGATTTTCATGAGTATGTGGATGTGTATATGTACGTCCGCGACAT CTGTATTTTTCATAACGTTTTCTGAAAAACAAAGAAAAAGAAAGATTAACACAATTGAAAAACTAAAAAGTCAACTTGAAAATAC TAAAATGAAATTTTCCAACGGTAATGC RMB08 524 NO. ACCAAAGACACCATAACGAGGGCCATGGGAAAAGGCACCGGCACGGTTGGCTAGATCGTGACTGGTTACCTTAGCAAGATACGAG 177 TTATCACCCGTGGCATAGTAGAGCCACGCTCCCCCCCATATGAGGTCATCCCAGTGATCTGCGCTTTTCCGCTTGGCGCTCATAG CCTCGGCGTAAAGGTAAACGGCTTTGGCACTGTTAACAAGTGTTGCAGAGTACTCGACTTGGTCACGGAATACGATCGAGGCTGA GGCCAGGGAAGCTGCCATCTCTGCAGCGAGATGCGGGCAGTCTGTGTAACATAGATTGACAGACCTTTGGTAATCAATGTCTTCT GGTCGCATCCAGCAGTATAGGTCACTAGTCACTTGGCTTCCTTGATTCATTCCTATCTGTGAAAAGAAAAACAAAAAAAGTTTAG GACTGAACCGAATTGAGTATGCAAGAAGGAAGGGAAACAAAACTTTTATACCTGATACACCATTTCATAGATCGTATCAGAACTG CTGCTAAAAGTGCG RMB09 316 NO. CCCACTCTTGTTACCTTCAGCACCCTGCTCCACGGATTATGTGTGGATGTAAGTTTGAGAACTTGCTTATCTTTATTCATCTTGC 178 GTACAAGGTATATAACAGAGTTCTTGTTACAACAGATTTCTACAGACTCCTATATTACAGGAAGATAATATATTTACAAAACAGA TATGAGAATATCCGGAGTATATTCTTTCACCCTCCCGCAGTGAGAACGTCGGAGTCTCTGACGTTTAAGCTGGTTCTGAACGATC GGAAGAGGGAAGTTGGCAAACCTTTTGTGAATATATCAGCGTACTGGTAGGCTGTGGGAAC RMB10 358 NO. ATTGGATTTGAATGAGATGGAAGATTTGGTGTCGGAAAATGGTATAAACAAAAAGATTTGTTATGCAGAAAATCCCAATGAAGCT 179 ATGTCCAAGAAGAGCTGGAGATGCAACAGCTGTTTATGCTTCAACTGAGAGAGCTGAGAAAGAACTCAAATGGAAGTAAGTCATT GGCTTTATCATTTTTCCGCATATAGATCATACAATCTTGCTTGTGAATCAAGATACAATAATATGTTCACTCTTTGCTACATAGA AGATTTTTACTGTTGGCATGAATAAAGGACTGATTCTTTGTGATTTTTGTTTTGTTTATTAGGGCACAATATGGAGTGGATGAGA TGTGCAGAGATCAATGGA OPF10 496 NO. AACTTTTTGTGTTTGATTTCTTGCAGATTTGGTTCGGTGGCATATCTTCAGCAAATCTGGTGGTTTCAAGTGGATGGAGAAATCG 180 ATTTCCCGTTCCCAGCTGGAACCTACAGCGTCTTCTTCAGGCTTCACCTAGGCAAACCGGGAAAGCGGTTTGGGTTGGGAAGGTT TGCAACACTGAACAGATTCACGGTTGGGAACATTAAACCGGTTCGGGTTTCAGATTTGGACTGAAGATGGTCAACACTCTTCGTC TCAATGCATGTTAACCGGATCGGGAAGCTGGAATCACTACCATGCTGGAGACTTGTGGGTTGGAAATCCCAAAAGCTCGTCGATG ACTAAGCTTAAGTTCCTCCATGACGCAGATCGATTGTACACATACCCAAGGGAGGGTTGTGTGTGGATTCTGTGATTGTGTATCC GAGCTCGTGTAAGGACCGGTTGAGGCGGGTTTAAGTGTCTAAACCGATGTTTGGTTTTGTTTAGAAGGAGT RMB11 317 NO. AAGCTTGTCTCCTACGTACTTCTTCTATGTTCAACCGATAATGTCCTTGTCAGTTTTCTTGTATATTTGATTTTACAGTTGTTCT 181 GAAGATTTTTTATTTTTGGGTTCTTTATTGCTCTGAAGCTA AATTATCTTTTGTCGTTCTAATCTTTGTCATATAAGCTCCATC AAAGTCTTGTCACTCATGTATCACTCTCCACATAGAAAGAGAAACACGAGAATTGATGTTTTTTTTAATCGACGAATTGGATGTT TTAAAAAAAAAAAATTCTCTTTTTTCTTTTTTGAAAATTTAGTGACGTGAAATATCTTTCTGA RMB12 321 NO. TGGACTAAGAAAGGGTCAGGTAATGGTTGTGGTTCTACCAAACGTGGCCGAGTATGGGATTATTGCCCTTGGCATTATGTCCGCC 182 GGTGGAGTTTTCTCCGGCGCTAATCCTACGGCTCTTGTCTCGGAGATCAAGAAGCAAGTTGAAGCTTCTGGTGCTAGAGGAATCA TCACTGATTCTACTAACTTCGAAAAGGTTAAGAATTTGGGTCTACCGGTAATATTGTTAGGTGAAGAGAAGATCGAAGGAGCAGT GAACTGGAAAGATATTCTAGAAGCAGGAGATAAATGTGGAGATAACAACAGAGTAGAGATTCTTCG RMC01 356 NO. AGGAAGTGAGAGGCAGTTGGCCTCGTCACGGGTTTTAGAGTTTAGAAAGCGTGTGCTTGAAAGTGTTCAGCAGCGCGCATAGGAT 183 CATTGTGACAGGGGGAGAGTAGCTCGACCTGTCCTTGGGTAGATTAGGAATTGGTTCGTATCAAGTTCAGTTGAACGTTGTGTAA TTCGAATTAGACAAGTCAAGTGTGATTGTCTAAGAGATTCTTAATAAAACAAGTTGTGTGTTTGAGTATTGATCGAGTTCCATAA GGAATCGGTGTCCACTTGGTTTTACATTTGGTATCAGAGCGGGTCACCTCTGTGGACTCACAGAGTCTACTCACAGGTTGAGATC CTAGGACACCCATGGA RMC02 479 NO. TGCGTAACACTTCTTTGCTTCACTCGTGAACAGCTCCACTCCTGGAACTAACATTCTCCCTCTTTTTATCTCAATGTGACTTCCC 184 TGCTACCTGCAACAGAAACACACTAGAACACACATTCTGACAGGCAACACGATTATGATAGTCAGCAAATCAAGGAGAACACCCC AAGAGATTATCCTTAAATTTCATCATGAAAACTAGGATATTACAGCCGATAGAAAAAGAGTTCACAGGTTCATGATAATTCAAAT AAACACCGAAACAAGGATTAAACATCTGAGCAACAACACATTCATTAGTCGTTGTCTTGGTTTGCCGAGGCTGAGGTGCCACCGA TGTCTCCATAATCTCCCCCTGCAGTGAAGCACAATGAGATAAAAAAACGAAAAGAAGTTAGCAAGATCAAGAGTTACCAAGAAAC CTCCCCAGAGAAACCTTACTCTTGAGCCGAATGTGAATGGCTTTGAGTTCTGCA RMC03 266 NO. AAGCTTATTTTCATCCTGCAATGTCAACAACATACATAAATCTACTCAGCTTCTCTATACACATAACACAAGAAAGTAAACACAT 185 ATAGGCATAAGGCATGGTTGTTTTAAAAAGATATTTATAAGTATATACTTACGTCTTCAAAATGAAATATCATTTATACTTAAAT CACGTTTAAATACACTATTTTTACTCTTTCAAACAAATATACTATAGTTTACATAAACACAAATTTAACTATATAATTACTGTGA TGATGGTGATG E38M60 116 NO. TCCATAGAAGAAACTCTTTGCAACTATTTTCCTTTGAANAATGAAATCAATCGTCTCTTCCACAATTTGCAGAAACGTAAAATCT 186 ATTTACACTCTCAGATTAGTAAGTGTGTCGA RMC04 213 NO. TATTTTGTCCTCGGTTAGATCTTCTGTTGTACATTCTGATGCTCAGAGTGAGAGTCACACATACATTTTCAGTTTCTAGGTTTTG 187 TCTGTGATTCTGCAAGTGATGAAGTTATTGGTTTGGTGTTGAGCTTTTTATTATGTGTGTGTCTCTGTCTTCACGTTTTGATGTA TCTGCTGTTCGTTTTTTTAAAACCCTAACCAAACACAAAGGAA RMC05 500 NO. TGCGAGTTTAATCCGGACGCCAAAGACCTGACGAAGCTCGCCAAGAACATAGATTTCGCGTGCACTTTCTCGGACTGTACCGCGC 188 TCGGTTACGGGTCTTCTTGCAATGGTCTGGATGCGAACGGGAACGCTTCGTATGCGTTTAACATGTATTTTCAGGTGAAGAACCA GGATGAGATGGCTTGTGTGTTCCAAGGTTTGGCCAGAGTTACAGATAAGAATATATCTCAGGGACAGTGTGAGTTCCCTGTTCAG ATTGTTGCTTCTTCGTCTTCTTCTTCTTCTGTGTCTCTTTTTGTTTGGTTGATCATCGCTGGAGTTTTGTTTGTCTTGATGTTTT GAGGTCCCTTATTGATTATATATATTTCTATTTTGGTCTATGTGATAATATGTTGGATTTGGGTTAATCGTACAAGACAAAGACA AAAACAAAACATTGTTGAAATAAGTCTAGCATGTAAGTCGGTTAATTTGGTTATCTCTGAACCAGAATAACGCGG RMC06 482 NO. TTCCTCGGCAAGAACAACGCACCGATCACGATCAACATCTACCCTTTCTTGAGCCTCTACGGTAACGACGACTTCCCGCTCAACT 189 ACGCCTTCTTCGACGGTGCTCAACCGATAGACGACCACGGTGTTAGCTACACGAACGTCTTCGACGCCAACTTCGACACTTTGGT GTCGTCTCTGAAAGCTGTTGGTCATGGAGATATGCCGATTATAGTAGGAGAAGTTGGCTGGCCAACAGAGGGTGACAAACACGCT AACACCGGTAACATATCTCTGAAACTAACATAGTGCTCAGGCCGTCTCGAATTATTTATGGACCATGTTAAAAAAATATTAATGA TATATTTAATATATAATAGAATAGTTTTAAAAATTTATAGTTTTATATTATAACTTATATATTTATTTTAAAAATTCTTAATTTT TCTTTTGTTTTTCAACTTGGATCATGTTAGTTCCGTTTGCACCTGCTGTTAGACGGC RMC07 466 NO. CCGTATTTGAAAACGTGGCGATCTATAAGATATTTTGTATGCGTCTTCCCGTCTTCCGAATTAATCATATAGCATTTTTGTATGG 190 AACAGGGAATATACATGAAGGATAAGTTCTGAGCATCATTTTTTTAAGACTGATTCATAGAACTAGTGATGTTGTGTTACTTGTC GCTTCTCTTGGTGCTCACGACTTTGCATGTATGGCTTTCTTTTGATCTGATGTTTATATCTGCTTTAGGTTTTACTTGGAGACCC AAGGGCAGGATCCAATCAGCCAGAGATGCAGAGCTCTATTGTCTTCCATGCAGGATACGTTGATTTTGTGAGTATTCCTTTACTT GTATGGGTTTTTACTCTCACGTTGTCTTTACGCATGATTTCAATATTACATTTTCTTTTCTAGAATCTGATTTGAGAGATTTCCC TTGGCACCGTGTTTTCATATTCGACCCAAATTCACGGTTGA RMC08 547 NO. GAGGCGAAAACATAAACAAGGTTCAAACAAATAATTGACAATTCTTTGGACATACAAAAAATTATTTAATTTTTCCAAATAAAAC 191 ATAATTGTTGAACTTTTTTTTGAACTGAACATAATTGCTTAACTTAAGAAGTAAATCTATTCATAATTGAGTTTTAACTGCAATT ATTAAAAAAAATTTTGTAATATTTGATCAAATATCAAAATATATATTAAATTAAAATACTGAATGGATTATACATTTAATAGTAA ATATTCGGTTTGGTATAATATTTTGGGGAGAAATTTTAACTTTACTTAAAATTTAACATCACTTTTTAAATGATAGTTATGTTTA TAAACATCTTAATGTGATATATTCACTAATCACTGACAAGAACATGTGTTACAAACATCTTAATGTGATATATTCACTAATCACT GACAAGAACATGTGTTACAATTCGCTGACAGCTCTATTGCCATCCATGCGCGATACGTCAATTTGCTTTACATTTATACATTTGC ATTCTCTTCTTCTTTTTCCTGAAACAGTTTTGGCGAT RMC09 327 NO. TCGGTTTTTCGAGGGTATCAAATTTAATTCTATTAGGATATTCTTAATTTTTAGGGAAATTAAGCCTAATAACAAAAAAACTATA 192 ATTCACTAAATAACAAAATCCTCACTCTCACTCCTACTTTTCTTCTTCCTATTTCTCTTTACTCTCATTCCTAAAAGTTAATTTC CATTTTTTGGGTTATTTGACAAATAAACCATAAATTTTAATTCGGATTCGTTTTAAGTTTTTTCCCAATTCAGTTCGGATATAGT AACACATCGCAAACCCAGCTGAACCCACTAACACCGGATTATGTTCTAAAACAGGTTCGATTCTAAATCGGA RMC10 466 NO. TCCTGCAGTTTGAAATCCTTGGTAAATCCAATGATTTTAATATCAGACAATTAGATTTTAAAATAAATCAGATGAACTTCAAAAT 193 CAAATCAATGGATTATTATAAATCAACAAAATGGATTTGTAGTATTAGTTTATGATAAAGTTAATAAATATAAAAATATATCTTT TTCATTTTTTTCTTATATGTTCTCAAATTCTCATAACATATAGAATATCCCCACCTATTTGTTGTAATAGTTGTTCTTAACTGAT TGATATGTTCTATATGCTGATTTTGGTTACAAGAAGTCAAGAACTTCTTCATCATTATTATTTTTAGATTTTTTTCATCATCAAA ATCTTTTTTTTTGGGGTTATTTGTAAAAAATGTGTAATTAAAAATATAATTTTTTGAACTAGAAAATATGATATTAAANATAGTG ATAATAGAATCGAGNACNCGGAAGTTGGTTTGGGGAAACTT RMC11 273 NO. AAGCTTAATAGCGACTTCTTCGTTAGTCTGAACATCAGTTCCTGTAACCACCAACAAGAGTCATCAGAGATTCAACATACCTAAT 194 TGACGCCTAGTCTAGTCACACATGAATGAAAGAAAAAGTAGAAGAGTGAGAGAGTGAGAAGAGGAAGAAGGAACCGAGGTAAATC TCTCCGAAAGAGCCGCTCCCGATTTTGCGGCCAAGTCGGAACTTATTCCCAATACGAGACTCCATCTTCCCGAGAGAGAGAGAGA GAGAGACTAGGGTTTTCA RMC12 347 NO. AATGGATGAACTCGAGACGGTTTATCTGACACAAGAAGCAAAACAAGTTAATCCATCAGTGAAAGTTGTAATAACAATTGCAATA 195 CAGTGTACAAAGCAAGAGATACCATTTGATCAGCAAGCATGAGAACAGTCTTCAAAGAAAACTTGCGGTTGCAATAGCCAAAGAG ATCCTCAAGGCTAGGACCAAGCAAATCCATGACTAAGACATTGTAGTCACCCTCAACACCAAACCACTTAATGTTTGGAATCCCA GCTGGGCATTAAAAACGCAAAAAAGAAAATGAACAAAACTAATAATAAACTGTAAAAAGAAGAAGAAGAAGACAGGAAACGAGGG GTTATCA RMC13 382 NO. TGTCAGCATTCAGCAGAAGCTTATTATGAGTTTAATAGCCGGAGAGAGGAAATGAATTAAACCTTCACGAATGAAAAGGTTGCGG 196 AAGAGTCTCTTCAAATAAGCATAGTCTGGCTTATCATCAAACCTAAGTGAGCGGCAGTAATGAAAGTAGGATGCAAACTCTGTTG GATGACCTCTGCATAACGTCTGAAAATAACACGGACTCAAAGTTACATTTCTATCTATATAATCAACCTTCTCTACTTCATCATT ATTTCCTTCGTACATAGACTCATATAAGTTTCTGAGAGTGCACAAGAACTTACTTCGATGGAAGTAGAAACCTTCTTTTCACTAA TCTTGTCGTATTTCTGTTTCTTGTTCCCAGCTTTCAATCCCT RMC14 533 NO. TTGACGGTTACCCAAAATACCGAGAAAAAATAATAATAAGCCTTTGAATGTAAATGCATTTTATTCATGATGATTCAACATTTCA 197 AATTCAGGATAAAGAAATATAATAAAATAATAAATTCAAACAAAAAATAATAATAATAGATAATTACTAGTATTAATTTATGTTG ATAAACTATTTTACTCATAAACTTTCGTTGAATATGCTGTTTTAGTCGCAGTGTTAATCAACCATTATAATTGACAAATAGTAGA CCTAAACTGACTTTAAAGTTTTTATTTAGCAAAAACACTTTTTCCACAAAATGGGTTTTTAACTTTTGAAATAATTATCAGAGAT AAGGAACTTAAAATACTTCGGTTTGTTTTATCTATACAATGGAGAAGACCAATGAACCATATAATTTAAGCACTTTGGTATAAAT AAATCTCTATCCCTCCCTTATATCAAATCTCTAACTTCAAAGCCTTTCTTCAGAAGAATCATAGACTACCTTCAAATCCTCAAGA AGGGGTGAGGGTGAAGCAATCAA RMC15 711 NO. AAAGCATCCTTTGCAAGGGGATCTTCTATATGCTATTGAAAGAGTGTTGAAGCTTTCAGTCCCAAATCTATACGTGTGGCTCTGC 198 ATGTTCTACTGCTTCTTCCACCTTTGGTATGTATGCCGTGATCCTTTCTCCAAAGATGAACAACAGAAAAAGGATATATCTCATG AAGAAATTGATAACATTAGTTTTCTCACACAGTTTTGAGATGTAATTTCAGTTTCTGATCACAAATCTCTTTGCATTGTGTTCTT GTCCACAGGTTAAACATATTGGCAGAGCTACTCTGCTTTGGGGACCGTGAGTTCTACAAAGATTGGTGGAATGCAAAAAGCGTAG GAGATGTGAGTTGTCATTAACCTTTTGTTACTAAAGAACATTGACGTTTTATGTTGTCACACATGACTAACCAAATTTCATGTAT TCACTTTCTTCCTTTGTCAGTATTGGAGAATGTGGAATATGGTATGGCTCTCTTCCTAAAACATCGTCGTCTTCTTTTCTATACG AAACAGAAGCAGAAAGCTAACGGAGAGCTTTTTGTTTTTGTTTTAACAGCCGGTTCATAAATGGATGGTTCGACATGTTTACTTT CCGTGCCTGCGCATAAAGATACCAAAAGTGAGTGTGTATATGTAGATTAGTGATTTGAGATGATCGAGATTGTTTTCTGTGTTTC ATAGCTTTAACCATCCACTCATTTTTGGTTC RMC16 400 NO. AAATTGTTACAAAGTATGAGAAATGAATATATCAAATCATACTCTTAAAGTGATTTGTGTTTGGTTTCAAAGTGAATGAATTTAT 199 TGAAATAATTTATACAATTGAAAGGGAAAAATAAGCTTATCTTATTGGCTCTCTGCATTTTAATAATTTATTGAAATAATCTATA CAATTAATAGGAAAAAATAAATTTACCTTATTACCTTAATTAATTAAACAAAAAATAAAAATGTATGCATGTGTTATAATACATA GTATTCAACTATTACCAGCATAATTTATATTTAACTATTTTTATTAGTATTTTATAAAGGAGCCTAAAATTAATTAAATAAAATA TTAAAAATGCATGCTTATGTCATAATATATTTGTAGAGAATGAGTAAAATGTTTACTGAA RMC17 554 NO. TTTCCACACAAATCGGATTTAATAATTAAAAATCCAATAAAACTAAAATATTTGCTATTAACCTGTTAATCTACTCTGGCAAAAC 200 CTAAAAGAAAAACTTATAATACTTTTTGAAAAATTAAATAAACTTCTCTTATACTTTATATAAAGTACATAAAACTAAATAAATT ATTTGATTTGTCATAGTATATTTTTAAATTACACATAAAGAAGAAGGTTTGTTTGTTATTAGTTATTCCTTTCATATATATATAT ATCTATCTTATTAAAACAGGAACATTACAACTTTTTCTAGGTGGATTTTTAAAGATGGACCTCATATATTTAAATTAAATGTCTC ATTCTTTATATATAATATGTACCATACTCTAACTTTGCATTGATGTATTTCCTTAAATACAGTTCTTCTTTTTGTCCATATTCCA TATATGATTTTTACATTTATTACATGTCGATTTAAATAAGATATATACTAAGAATACTAAAAATATTAATCGTTCTATAATTACC CTATACAATTCATTTTAAATTGATCAGTAAACTTTCATTGGCCA RMC18 525 NO. ACCAAACCGAGAACAAAATAGGTGTCTAAATTTTTAAAATACAAATTATATTCTTTCAAATATTACGTCTATTCGATTTCTAAAT 201 AACCGAGTATCCTGAAAGTACTATTTATAAGCTAAATTATCCATAAAAATACCAGAATATTGTTTTCAAAATATTTAAAGTATTT GCATTATCTGATATTTTAACCCAACAATATGAACTACCTAATATTAAATTGAAAATCCTAAATTATCCGATATATTTATCTATAA ATTCGTGATTACCGGAAAACTCAGGACAAAGCAAAACTGAATTGGACCTATATTTTTCTGGAATATTAGTCGGTTTCCAACTATA CTACTAAAAAACAAACCAAAATAACAAAATAACAACACAACTAAAACCAGACCATTTTGTAAATAATTGAACGGTTCCTGAATTT GTAGAACCATAACACAACTAAAACCAGACCTTTTTGTAAATAATTGAACGGTTCCTAAATTTGTAGAACCAAAACACCAAAAAAC CAAAGTATTCGAACC RMC19 543 NO. TGGAGGTGTCAAAGTGTGGCATCACATAAGAGTTTTAAGAGTTTGTTGTGCTTTAGTTTTTGAGTGAGTTTTCTAAGGCAATAAG 202 AAGAGTTATTTCTTTACGAGCAAGCTTCTTAGTTTCTTAAGTTCTCTGTTTCTACAGATTTTCTGTTTATATTACTTACTTGAAA TATTCTTTTCCTATAAATTCTTATGCAAATTTTCAGAACAATCTTGTCTGCAGATACATTTTGATTTTATAGTCTGCGCAAGGCA AATACAGTTTTGATTTAATGATACAGAACAGAGTGGGTTAGTTCCAGGTTTGGTCACGAACAATCATCTTTTACATTGGTCTATG TAAATCAAGTCATATCCAGAAAGCAGATAGGCTTGTTTAAGAGATGTGGGAGATGGGTATTTGTACACACTGAGTTTTTTATAAC ACTTTTACCAAGGGTGTTTCTAGTGTTAACAATATCGATAAAGATCTTAGATCTCTATCTCTTCGCTACTATATGGAGAATAATC ATCATGGTATTAAGCCAAATAAAGTGACTTGCG RMC20 463 NO. GAACCACGACTTTGGGTCTGANATTTAACGGGACAGAACAGAGTATACCAAGACTCATGGGTTACAGTGACTCGTCTTATAACAC 203 TGNTCCANACNATGGGAAGAGCATCACAGGCCATGTATTCTACCTCAACGACAGCATGATCACTTGGTGTTCACAAAAACAAGAA ATTGTTGCATTATCATCATGTGAGGCAGAATTTATGGCAGGTACAGAAGCAGCCAAACAAGCTATATGGTTACAAGAGTTACTCG GTGAAATCTTGGAGCAGTCGTGTGTAAAGGTGACTATACGGATCGATAATCAGTCTGCTATCGCTCTTACCAAGAATCCGGTCTT TCACGGAAGAAGCAAGCATATACATTCACGATACCACTTCATAAGAGAATGTGTTGAAAAGGGACTGGTGAGTGTAGAACATGTT GCAGGGAGTCAACAGAAAGCCGACATTCTAACCAAAGC RMC21 269 NO. GAGAATATTGGAAGAAAGCGGAATGAAAGACTGTAACTTGGTACACACGCCAATGGAGTTAGGACTAAAGCTTTGCAGAGCCGAT 204 GAAGAGGAGGAGATTGATGCTACAATATATCGAAGAAACGTGGGGTGTCTTAGGTATTTGCTTCACACCAGACCGGACCTAGCTT ATACGGTTGGAGTTCTGAGCCGTTATATGTCGTCACCTAAAACTTCGCATGGAGCTGCCATGAAACATTGTTTGAGATACCTCAA AGGAACCACGACTT RMC22 747 NO. GCTCTACGAGTGAGGATCAAAGTCACGAGAATATGATCAAAGCAGAGCCTGCAGAAACAGAAACATTGAAGAAGAAGACAGTCAT 205 GAGAATCAAGAACCTGAAAGTGAGAATGAAGCGGTACCTCTAAGAAGAAGCGTGAGACAAACCATGACACCTAAGTACCTGGAGG ATTACGTTATGGTTGCGGAAGAAGAAGGAGAGTTGCTGTTGCTAAGTATTAACAACGAACCTATTAACTTTGCAGAGGCAAGTGA GCGTGAAGAATGGATAGCAGCCTGCAAAGACGAGATAGCAAGCATAGAAAGAAACAGAGTATGGGATCTAGTTGATCTTCCACTC GGAGTAAAGCCTATTGGTTTACGTTGGATCTTCAAGATAAAGCGAAACTCGGATGGATCAATCAATAAGTTTAAAGCTCGACTGG TTGCAAAAGGGTATGTACAACAATATGGAATTGATTTTGAAGAAGTATTTGCACCGGTGGCTCGTCTTGAGACTATAAGATTGCT TGTGGGTATAGCAGCTGCAAAAGGATGGGAAGTACATCACCTAGATGTTAAAACGGCGTTCTTACATGGAGAATTAAAAGAGACC ATTTATGTAACTCAACCAGAGGGCTTTGTGGTGAAAGGAAGTGAACGAAAGGTGTATAAACTCAATAACGCATTGTACGGATTGA GGCAAGCACCAAGGGCGTGGAACCATAAGTTGAATACTATTTTACTTGAGCTTGGATTCCGAAAGTG RMC23 219 NO. AGCTTATAGGCTTCTAGACCCAAAATCTCGAAAGATAGTAGTAAGCCGAGATGTTGTTTTCGATGAAACTAAAGGGTGGAATTGG 206 GGTGAACAAAACAAGGAAGATGAAAATTTTACTGTCAGTCTTGGAGAATTCGGAAATCATGGTATTCAAAGCTCTACGAGTGAGG ATCAAAGTCACGAGAATATGATCAAAGCAGAGCCTGCAGAAACAGAAAC RMC24 363 NO. AGCTTTAATTCATGTATTTTTACAAATTTTGTTACTAGAAAAAAAAAAAATTTAGTATTAATTAAAATAATTAGTGACTAGTCAA 207 TTTTACTTATAACAAAATCTTTTTAGAAAAAATAAGAAAATCTTTAAAAAATTCAAATATATTTTTAGAAAATACTGAATTAGTT TAGTAACAAAAAAATCAAAAATCATATAATCTTCCAAACTAAAAAATAATTGTGTAATTTTCTAAATGCCTCTTGACCAAGTATA CAATTTAAAAAATAAATTAAAACTCAAAATGATAATATTCCAAGTTTTATAAAATATAAAGTCATACAAGTTAAAATATAAATTT TTGAAATGTATCACAAAAAAATT OPC2 678 NO. CTGTAACTTTCAACCCAACTCGTAGAAGTAAGGACATCGTGATCAAAGATCCACACATGCTTGATCAGCCTGCATCTCCAACCTC 208 GTCCTGAATAAACACACACAGAGCTATGAAAGGGTACAAAAAAAAACAAGTACTTAGGCAGCTATCTGGAATCTAAACAGTTCAA GAAGGTTCTAGATGAAAACCCTAAGAAAGAAAGAAAGATTCTGAATGCCACTCAAAGCATTAACAGTAGGAAGCTGACTTACTTT TGACCGAAACAGGCAGGAAGGTTAATGGAGGGGCACATGTCAATCACATAAAATAAAATGACACTTAACTTACATTAGCTTTAGT GGCCTCTGAAGTAAAGTATGTGGTGAGGAGGCCATTCAGTTTGGGTATAATATCAACTCTGCCACGGGATTGTCTTTGAGAAGAC CCGTTGCTAATACTTCTTCCTGAAAAAAGCCAATTAACACAAGCTTTGATACCCAAAGACATAATTAAGATGTGAAGATATGGTT CATAGATAAGCTTTATACCTTCATTGCTTCAGATCTTGAAGGTGCGTCAACAGCAAGAACAGCTCTTCGAGCTCTTCGCACAGTC TGTCCTACCAGTTCATATGGCAGCAATTCTCCTCTATGCTGCTGTGTGAACCTGAAGAAAGCTAAGAAGAGTAATCCCCAAAA RMC25 364 NO. AAGCTTGATCAAAGATCACAGTCTTACAAAGAAACAGAAAACAATTTCAGTGAAAGAACAGTATTTACCTTATTTACTCTAAAAT 209 TTTTAAAACAGATTTTTTTCATGTTCAGTACCAACATAGATGGAATCAAAAATATTATTAAATCATCATACTCCATCATGTATTA CAAACTGGTGGATTTAGTATTTTTGAAGACCAGACATATGCTTAAAATCATAAGATTCCCGTTACTGCTACTGTGCTACACCAGT CTAGCCGGTGACAGACACATAGCTGATATTGAAAGTTCCTTGAAGAACAATGAGTGTGGTCAGAAGTTGCAATTATATTGTTTGC AAACCTGTTGCTCATTAGTTTGTT RMC26 201 NO. CAGACCGTTCAAGTTCATGGCGAAGAGAGAAAGAGGGTTCAGTTTCGCATTGTTGACGAAGAGTTTGTTTTCACAATTTTTTTAT 210 TTCGTTAGCTTATATACGTGATATTGGTTGCTTAGTTTAATAGTTTATATGCTTTTATATTGACAGAGGAAACAATATTGCATGC TGTCTTTGGGGATCATATGCCGAGCAACTTG RMC27 238 NO. CCTTCTCCAAACCGGTAAACGGTTAGCCACCGCCGCGTCCCGTCGCCAGAGCATATCCTTATCCGACGACAGCTTCATCCTCTTC 211 TCCTCCGCCGACGCCGCTTCCTCTTCTCTCACCGAATCCGAAAGCGTCGCTCACGTGCTATCTCACATCAAGCTCCTCTTACGAC GGCGCGCCGCCGCACTCGCCGCTCTCGACGCCGGACTCTACACCGAATCGATCCGTCATTTCTCAAAA RMC28 623 NO. AGACCAAGAGGAAGCGTAGCTTCCGCCTTCCCCTTCCTGATGTTATGAGTGGTCCTACGATATCCATGGACCACTTCATGAACGG 212 GACGGAGCGGATATTGAGGATAGTTTTTCCGCAGGCTGATGTATAATCGGTGTATGCCTTTGGCATTTATCACATGAAGAGGAGT AAACCTCACAGTCAGCGATAATGGTGGGCCAGAAATAGCCCTGTCTTTTGATTCAGATAGCTAGAGCTCTGCCCCCAAGGTGGTT TCCACAGGAGCCGTCGTGCATTTCTTTCATAAGATTGATAGCATCGAGACCATGGACGCATTTTAGGTAAGGTCCGGAAATACTT CGTTTATGGAGGGCTGACTCGATTATGCAGTATCTTGCGCTTAATGCTTTGAGTTTTCGGGCCTTACCCTCCAAGATGTACTGCA TGATTGGTATTCTCCAATCCTCTCTCCCAAAGATTTTTTCATGAAGAGATGAGGGCGGGTGTTGTTCAGGTCCCTGTGTGTCGTG ACCTGATGTCTTATTGCCCCCGGAGATATTGGTCGGATTAGGCTCGAAGGAGTCTGAATTCTGAGGAATATCTCCAGTTCTGGTG TTGTTCTCCGGAGTCTGGGTTGTTTCTT RMC29 198 NO. CAATGATTTATACTTCGTTTTTGCTTTTTTTTTTTGTTTTTGNGAGCAGGTGGATGCCGTGGTGTACCTAGTGGATGCATACGAC 213 AAGGAGAGATTCGCAGAATCGAAAAAGGAACTGGACGCACTTCTCTCAGACGAATCTTTAGCCACCGTCCCCTTCCTCATCCTAG GAAACAAGATAGACATACCGTACGCTGC RMC30 525 NO. CATTTGGTTTGTCCGTGTGTCCCATATGATTCAAAATCTGAGAGCTTATTATGTCTATATAAAACACCTTATTAAAATTAAGGTC 214 AATATCTCATAGGATTGTGTATAGATTCGGCTGTGTGTACTTAGCTACTCAAGTAATTAGAGCCCCACTTATCTTATCCACTTTC ACTAATAAATCACTCGTGCTTGAATAAAGAAGCTGGAACCGCTTAATTTTTATCAAAATCAAATACCGGTTTAACAGCCGCCGAG ATGCACATTCTCGACACCGGAGCTCGTTTCTCCGCCGTTAGATTCTCACCGGTATTCAATCCTACTCCCCGCAGAAGATACGTCA TCGTAAGGTATCTTCTTCATTTCTCCATCTTCTTCTACTTCACACTGAGTTGTCTCTCTCTCGCTGCATCCAAATCATTGAGTCT CTCTCTCTCTCAGGGCCAATCTCCCGTTTCCGAAGCATCAAGCTAAGTACCACAAAGAGCTCGAAGCCGCCATCGATGCTGTTGA AAGAGGTTGTCGCCT RMC31 379 NO. CATTTTCTTTAACAACGCGCTTTTGATTTCCATTGACCGTACTTTGAAAAACACTCAATTCGGCCCATCACATGTCATACCTTTT 215 TCTCAGCAATAGTTCATTTCGTATTTTATTAACTATTTTAGCTCTGTTCTGATCATACATCTATATATATGGATCATATACAATA TGAAATAGGAGTCAAACATGAAGCTCCGAAGAAACAAACATCCTAAGCAGCAACGGCTAGCAACATAGCCTAGTTGGCCACCTAC TTTAATAGTTTTAAACGACGACTAAGAAAAATATAAAATGAGCACACCGTCTTTTAAAATATTCCATGTGGTGATGTATCCACGG TTTGCACACCTTCCTAACCGTACTACATGTCGCCGTCGT RMC32 446 NO. TCTCTCACACTTTCTCTCACCAGATCTAAAGCTGACCACAGTCAGCGATCACAACCTTCTTCGAGGTCCTTCCACTGTCAGATCC 216 AACCTTCTCAATGTTCCTAACGACATCCATCCCTTCGACAACCTGACCGAACACAACGTGCTTCCCATCCAGCCACGACGTCTTC TCAGTGCAGATGAAAAACTGAGATCCGTTCGTGTTCGGACCAGCGTTGGCCATGGACAGGATGCCCGGACCGGTGTGTTTCTTGA CAAAGTTCTCGTCCTTGAACTTCATGCCGTAGATCGACTCTCCCCCGGTCCCGTTCCCGGCGGTGAAATCTCCTCCCTGGCACAT GAACTTGGGGATCACGCGGTGGAAGGCCGAGCCCTTGTAGTGGAGCGGCTTTCCGGATTTGCCGACTCCCTTCTCNCCGGTGCAG AGGGCGCGGAAATTCTCGGCG RMC33 275 NO. CAAATCAATACCATTAAAAGTGGATCATTATCATTTTATACCATTAATGAAAATTTCATGTTTTTCAAAAATATCCTAATTTTAC 217 AAAGGATTATTAACTTTCATTAATAGCATTTTTGTCTTTTGATTTTGGTCATGCAGACATAAATTTAAATAGATCAATGAATAAT GAGCTTACACATACTTACTTATAAAATATGCTATTTTTTATTTTATATAAATATTCTAATTTTAAATATTATACATATATATTGT GAAAGGAAATTAATCAAAAA E33M47 122 NO. AATAGAGGGAGAGGATGAAAGAACCACAACCGCATACAGATACACATGTGTTAGTATATGAAAACGCACGTATGTTTTATAAATA 218 AAATCCCTTACTTTATAACAAAACCTGTTAGGTAGCT E32M50 252 NO. TCACATTAGTAAAACGATTGTCCACCCAATTATAACCAAAAGCGGATCCCTATTCGTTACCCGTAAACCATAAACACATTTTTTT 219 TCTATTTTCTAAAACCACACGATGTATCTCTTCTTTTCTAGAATTAGTGTTCATAGAAAGTGAGTCATGATTACTTTTCAAGACG AAAAATCGATCTGAGGAAGTTTTCTAAGATGAGTACGTGCGGTTCCTTTTTAGGACCACAAACGGAGTCCAAAAAATCAATC OPN20 587 NO. CCTTAGTTTAGTTGTAGGTGGTGGAAACATATATGGACGACGGTTTCTGTTCTCACCTGTCGTCTGTTTTCTTCTTAATTTTTGC 220 TCTCAGATCATCAGAGTTTGGTGGGAATGGTTAAATCGGACACTTCCTTATTTGGAATTTACCATTGGGAAGCATCAGAGGGAGG GAACTGAGAGTATGCTTGGAGGGATGGAACTGTCTTGTGTAGCCTTCTGAATCAGCTTAGTCCTGGTTCTGTGACAACGGTACTT ATGAATTTCTATTTACTAGGATAATGTACCTTGTCGTTTTCTTTTTTTTTCTTCCTTGTCTTTGTCATTTGTTGCTAGCAGGGCC GGCTCTGAGAATTCGGGGGATATAGACGGTTTAAGAAGGAATTTATAAATTTGGGGGCTGAAATTCCTATTTATATAAACTGGGG GTCTATCCATATATAATTTTTCAAAAAAATTTCGGGGGCTTAAAGGCTAATGTCTCATCCGGCTTGGCTCAGGGCCGGACCTGGT TGCTACCCTCACACTCTTCGGATATTTATATAGGGAGGCAGCTTTGAGCCTGCTTATGTTAAAATTGAGCGGTTTCT OPH15 637 NO. CCTTGGCTATGTGCTTATGTATTTTCTTCGTGGAAGGTATATATCTGCTTCCCATTTGCTTTTATTTGGTTTCCATTTCACCTTA 221 CCCTCTGTTTCTTCTTGCTAGTCTGCCTTGGCAAGGCCTTCGTGCGGGTACGAAGAAGCAGAAGTATGACAAGATCAGCGAAAAG AAAAGGCTTACACCCGTTGAGGTAATTAGTCTTAAAAGGCACCTGAAGTGTCATTTACTTATCAAAAGATATAATTTATTATCTC CATTGACAGGTTCTCTGTAAATCCTTTCCACCCGAGTTCACATCGTACTTTCTCTATGTACGATCATTGCGGTTTGAAGACAAAC CAGATTATCCATACCTAAAGAGGCTTTTCAGGGATCTTGTTCATCCGAGAAGGTTGGGGAAAACTACTTATGCTTTAATATTTCA CATAAACACACAATATGTAAAGTTTTTTTTATAATGTTATAATATATTTGCAGGTTATCAGTTTGACTATGTATTTGATTGGACA ATCTTGAAGTATCCACAGTTCGGTTCAAGCTCCAGCTCCAGCTCCAAACCAAGAGTAAGTAACTATCATTTTCAATTCCTCTTGA GCATACTATCAAACAAACCCTCACGATTGTCTCTGTGTTTTA IN6RS4 235 NO. CATTGATACATGAATGCAAAGAAGAAAAGTCCAGACCTTTGTTCACATTTTGGCCTCCAGGACCACCGCTTCTAGCAAAGTTAAG 222 CGTAACATGGTCTGCAAGTATATACCAAACAGATAAACAAATGAAACCATGAGTATGAACAGATCGAACTATAATTGTAATTCCA TCAAAATCAGTATAAAATAGAGTTCTATAATAACATTTGTAGCATTGTCTGTAAATGTTTTCATC E33M58 281 NO. CTGCATAAAATTATCGAAGACAGATAACACAAAGAAAGGACATAATTGTTACATTGAAACAACATTGTTATTGTTACATGTAATT 223 CCAACCCACTGGGTTCCACAAGGATCAGAGCCTTTCCAGTTCTCAGGAAACCTGGTCCATTCACTCTTCAAGGCTTGTAATGCAG AAGCTGCGCCAATTTTGAAAAGAAATAAAATATTCCTATATCTGTCTGAATAACTCGGATCATGATCTAATATACTTACCGTCTA AAGGATTTGTTAGCGCTGAAACAGAA E32M59 406 NO. CTTTGTCATTGTGTGTGTGTGTGTGTGTGTACCGGGCCGATCTTTGTCATTGTGTGTCATTTTTAGCTGCAACAATGCATTTGAA A 224 AAAGCTGGAAAGAGACGAGAATCTAGTGGCTGCATTCTCTTACATCCATTGTGGATGAGCTCCAACTGTCCAACAGGCTTTGAAA GAGTTTGGTATAAATGATTCACATCTTGATGAAATGATCAAAGACATTGATCAAGACAATGTGAGTAGCTATCTTTACAGCTTTC ATTAGAGAGATGCTTATGGTGTATGGTTTTTGTAGGATGGACAAATAGACTATGGACAGTTTGTGGCAATAATGAGAAAAGGTAA TGGCAGTGGAGGGATTGGTAAGAGAACAATGAGACACACTCCACTTGGCAAATTGGAAATCATATT E32M59 350 NO. AATTCTTGCTCCATTATGATTTCACCAAGTCAACAAAATCTTCTTTCTACTAGTGCGATAGATCACTAAGCAGCGTAGTACAACA B 225 ACCACATGGGAGGGAACACGATAATGAACAAACCTGTTGAATATTGATGCGGCGGGTGGGTGCTCAAGAAGCTTACTCGTGAAAT CGAGTCTTGCAAAGAAACCTAAGCTGAGTGTGAGTAATGAATTTATACATAAAATATAAATGGGCCTGAACTCCAAGCTTATTCC AAGTACTATGGGCTTTAGGCCGTAATTCTGTAAGCAAAATAAAGCCCAAATAATCTTTTGATTTTTCTTTTTTTCTTTTTCCTGA TCGTCTTGTG OPH03 591 NO. TCCACTCCTAGTTCACAATCTATTTTTTTCTTTTAAAAACATAGTAAACATACAATATAACTAATAGTATTTTATACGTACTATC 226 ATATAAATAATCACATATATTATATTTCTAAAATTTAATGTGAAGTACAAACACTTGTTACAATTTTGTTTGAAAGATTTTATTT GTATATTAGAAGAAACTTGTTACAATATCCTTCTTTAAAAAATCATGTGCAATTTTTTTAAAAAAATATGGTTAAAGATTGGAGC TGGTTAAAGATGGTTAGACAGAAGATAAATACTCTTTAACCATAACACAACCCATTAAAATGTTGAAAAAAAGAAAGGTATAGGG CTTTAATAATGAAAGATCCGTGAGATGCAAGATTAATATATAATCCAAACTCAATGTTTAATACCAGTGGCATTCTGATGTAAAT AATGAGAAAAATTTAGGGTTATTTCTCATTTGCACTTCACTTTTAATAGGATAGATAAGACCATGCTTTAAAAAATTGTTAGTAG TGTAGACAGATATGGTGTTTGTTAGATATATCGATCAATTTCAGATGTTTTTGTCCCTTGTGTATTCCAACATTTTGTATA RME01 454 NO. TCCATTGCAGAATTCACCTGCGGAATGTAATTTCCTTCACCTAGTCGTCCACCTGCAACACAATCCGCAAGGGTGTGTTGTAGCT 227 TCTCCATTCCTTGAGATAAAGCGTCTTCAGCTTGCTGGCAAGATTGTCTTAGATTGCATACATCTAGAATCTGCTGATCCGTCAT GACATCAAAATGTGGCAAAAGAACCTGCAAAACAAAGATTTAAAAACATTGTATTAGATACAACGTTCCAAGTCAAAAGTTAGAA GAGATCTTAAATAATATATAAAGAGAACGGCCTATAAGATTGATTTTTAGGTTAACACATTATTTTAGTTGTGTTTATTTTGATT GTTCTTTGTTACTTGTTTTCTACCTTGATAAGATCCGAGGGTCGAAAGCCGCCAATCCATATGAAAAAACGTTCTGCAGAAGTTC TCCACATTCCCGACATGACGAAGAAAACA RME02 233 NO. CTTGAGGGAAGGAGACGAGATGAGAGTCGTCATCAAAGATTCTACAGTGAAGAAGAAGAAGAAGATATTTTCGTCTCTTGCTAAC 228 GGAGAAAGAGAGAGTGAAGTGAAGTGTGTGATATATCACGTGATCATCACGTGTGTTGATATCTTCGTCAATGGCGCCATTTTTC AAGGCCGTATTTTGGGCTTTTAGTGATGGCCCCCAAATTTTTAAAAAACCCATGACCCAAAAT RME03 533 NO. ATATCCTTAAACCCTTGCGCAATCTTCTGATCTTCTCCCACTGGCCTTTTAGCCTTCGCCTTTGCAGCTTTAACACCAACAGGCC 229 TTTCCATAGCGTCATCATCCCCATTAACACTTGGCATAGAGCCTGATGCCTGAAAAGATTGTTCTTCCCCCACCCTCTTTCTTTT CGAACCTGAGCTTTGTTGACTAGTTCCTTGAGTCCCACACCATTTCTGATCATTCCTAAGCTCTCTCCACGCATGTTCCAATGAG AACTTCACATTGTAATCGCTGAAGAATATTGCATATGCTGCTTTCAAGACGTCATCTTCATTCTGCCCACTGCTCCTCTGTTTTG TGGCAGCTTCAAATGACCCCACAAACTAGCAGACTCCTTCATTTATCTTCCCCCACCTTTGCTTACAGTGGGTCAGCTCTCTTGG AGGCAAACCAACCACCTTTGGACTTGCGTTGTAGTAAGCCGTGATCCTCTTCCAAAAGGTTCCTGCTTTTTGCTCATTTCCAACG AGTGGGTCCTTGGAGGTATTCAA RME04 699 NO. GGTCTCAGGTTTTGTGGGAGTAATATCGGTTACCTCTTTTCCTATTACTTTGTCCTGTATAGAAAAATACTCATACCCATTATCA 230 TTTCCCTTGCGTAGAACTATATTTTATATAAATAGTTCTATTTTTTTTTTAAATGAGTCGTTGAAACTTAGAACGCAAGAAAAGC TTTTATCTTTTGATCATGTCCTAATTCATAAGAAGATATCATTTATTTTTATAAAATATCAAGTTATATCTAACGATTCTTAAAC ATGGTCGAATGTTCAGAAATAAAAATGAAGTCTTTCCAATAATAAATAAAATCTCTTCTAAAAATATTTATTTTCAAAACAAACA TGTTTATGTTTTTTTTTTTTGTTTTTTGTTTTTTTTTGAGAATTCAAAACAGCCATGTTCTGATTGTATAACCCACTTACGTACA AACATTTAAATGATTTACGTACAGATAAATGTGGAAAACGTTACCTCGTGAAACAAGGGACTGAGAGATTGGCTTTTGCCGTGTT CCTTCTTCACATCATCTTCAACCAGAATCTCTTTTCCTTTCTCGCTCCGTCGTGCCGTAAGCAGCTGTATCAACCGCCTCGTTAG GAGCATTGCTCTGGCTCTTTTCCGCCGTAATCTTGTTATGATCACTCGGAGCCGCCATATCTCTCTCAACCGGAACCATATCCTC CTCGGAATCTTTGAGAACC RME05 477 NO. CTTGGTCACACCCATCTTCTCTCTGCGTAAATGTTATGCAGAGTTTGCAAAAGCATTTGTCCCTTGGTGTGAGAATCCTCTGTGT 231 GCTCTAAATGGACCCGGTTCGAATATATTCGATACTATCCATAAACACATCACAAACCAAGTAAGTTCTTTTCTTCTAATGGGCT GATGATGTCCATTTAGTTTCCGTCCATTTTCCGATTTAACTTTAACGTAACGTTTATATGTCCATGCATAAGGACAATTAAGATA CAAAGATAAATGAATCAGCCAATATGGAAATATAATTATTTATTTCCCTTGTTGTGTAATATCCCCTGCTTGATTCAGTATCAAA AACATTGAATATGCTTCCAAATAAATATATTTGAATATATATTCTACTACAAAACATATCAATTTACGTCGTCTTAGGAAACCCT TATTTAATCAAATCTTTGTCTCTCTTTCTGGCCGCAGAGAGTTTATCGGACA RME06 480 NO. ATCAACCACGTTCATCCATGGATTTCTGGAAAAGGTATCAAATAAGAGGAAGAAGAAGATGGAGAAAAAGGGCATCAAGTTAAGA 232 AAACAAGTTTTTTTTGTTCGAATTGAACGTTTGATTAAATCTACAAACTAAGTGGATCTAAGAAGAAGTGCCCAAGAAGAAGAAC AAGGAGATCGAGTAGCAGAGAACAAGCTACAAAGAAGTGAGAAGAAGAAGAAGAGACTTGAGCCACAAGAAACAAAAAAGTGAAG AAGAAAGGTGAGTGTGAGAACAAAAACAGAGTAAGTGAGTAACCAAGAACAAAGAGAGTAACAGAGAATAAGCTACAAAGAAGTG AGAAGAAGAAGATACTTGAGCCACGAGAAACAGAAAAGTGAAGAAGAAGTGTGAATGTGAGAACAAAAACAGAGAGTAAGTGAGT GAACAAGAGAAACAAAGATGATGGAGAGGCTGGGCTGGCCGAGAGTATTTGAGTT RME07 579 NO. ATTTACCAAATGGATCACTCTGGATATTTGGGTTAGAATTTAATTTTAAATTTGTTAATGGGACATTATGTCAATTAACTTATTT 233 AGTTAATTTTATTCTTGATAAACCCAAACAAAATATATTAAAATTTGGTGACTTGGTCAAAGTCACAATATTACTTTGCAAACTA ACCTTCAAGATCAAGGAAATCAATTCCATAATTAGAATTGATATGTACGTTAGTTGACTCCTTTAATTTGCATAACGTGTACTTT CTCTTCAAGTTATAAAAAGAGATCACTTGTGCAGTTTTCTACGCACGGAGAAATAACAATTCTCCATATTTCTTTTTTCTTTTGA TTTGTTATTTTGAGTCTGAGAGTATACACAAAACTAGTTTCGTCGGGCTTCTGATAGAGTGACGCAAATCAGAATATTTTTTGCA TTTGTATCTTGGGACTCATTACGTTATTGAACCGTCGCACTACGAGCGTATTTTGAATTAAAGAAAGAGATCTCGCCTCTGTAGT TGAATCATCATTTTCTTAATCTTTGGTATAATCTTATCAAATTTATTCTTTACAATGTTCAATTCTCGG RME08 496 NO. CAATTCCACAACGTAGCAGAGCTTTGAAACGGAATAGATATCTGACTTTTCTAAAATTTGGTCAGATTGAACCAAATATTACACA 234 TGTGAAATTCGGTAATTAGTTAATATTTAAGAACTAAAAGTCGAGAGAAAGAGGCAGGCGGAAACGAGAGGTGGGAAGGATTGGA TACTTCCACGCAAAAGGGTATCTTCTTTTTTTTCCTCCTCGGATACTTCCGATCATGTTATTAATTTGAGGTTCTTAATTTTTGA TTTGACAGTTTTTTTTGTTTTAATTAAACTAAGAACCGACAGTTTTTTTTTGTTTTTTTTTCATAATTAGTAAAGGGTTCTTTGG GTGGAGTTCTTACCGAAATATAAGACTATGATTAATCCGGGTTTTTAGGCTGGGGTTCTTAGCTTTGGTTAAGAACCATTTCTTA GCTTTTAACTAAAAAAAACTAAAAACCTGCTCTCAAAAAATAGATATAAGAGCCGGTTCTTAGTCGAAAAG RME09 574 NO. AGCTTGGACTATGCCGTTTGCGTTCTGTACAAGAGAGAAGAAATGGTGTGAGTTTGCAGAGCCTGTTGATGGCGAATCAACAAAG 235 TTTCTTCAAGAACTAGCCAAGAATTATAACATGGTGATTGTGAATCCTATCCTCGAAAGAGATATGGATCACGGTGAAGTACTTT GGAACACAGCTGTGATTATAGGGAACAATGGAAACATCATTGGCAAACATAGGAAGGTTAACTTGCACTACAAGTCTCTTTTTGC TTCTGTCTTTTCTCTTGTGAGCTAACTTGTACTTCTTGGTTTGCTAGAACCACATACCGAGGGTGGGAGATTTTAACGAGAGCAC GTATTACATGGAAGGAGACACTGGACATCCTGTGTTTGAGACGGTGTTTGGGAAAATTGCAGTCAATATATGTTATGGAAGACAC CATCCTCTAAACTGGTTAGCTTTTGGTCTAAATGGTGCTGAGATTGTCTTCAACCCTTCAGCTACTGTTGGTGAACTCAGTGAAC CAATGTGGCCTATTGAGGTTTAACTCCTAACTCCCCATTTTTCACACATAGCCGGTCCTGAAAT RME10 570 NO. TCGAGAATCCTCTACAAACGCACACCTTGGACATGCTCAGAACGGATATTAAAATCGACAAAACCGCCGCACCAGTCATGAACTG 236 GCATTGGTTTCTTTGTGTCTTCCCCATTTTTAACAGCGGAAACACACCTCATGAACATGTTACGATTCACTCTGCTGTGTACAAG CAGAGCTCGTAAACCTGTCCTCGCAGCTAGTTGACTCATGACTCGATACACACACTCGTTTCAGATCATATGGTCTAATGGATTT GGATATTATTCACTTCTCGGTAAGTCTTGCAGATGTTAGGAGAAAGGAGAAAATGTGACAGCAGCTGTGTTCGCGGCAAGTGCTG CTAAGTACACGTGGTTCGAGTCTAACCGTTGTTTCATACTAAAAATATTTCTTCTAACGGTCGTGATTTGATCATTTGAGTAGTG CAAGCAAGCGTAGGTGAATACACTAACCAGGGTGCTTAAGTGGGGTGCTTAATAATTTTTGGATTTAAAACAAAAAAAAATATCC TAAAAAATAAAAAATGCTACTTGAGGGGTACTTAATTAAGCTGTCGAATAAGTGGTGCTT IN10 288 NO. CAGAACACAGTTCTATGACACTGTCGATAGTAACATCCTCTGCAAGTACCAAAGAGATAGCAAATGAAACTATGTAAACAAATCA RS4 237 AAATTCTAAATTTCTCCATCACAAGGACCTACAGAATAGAGTTATCATAACATTTTCTGTAAATATTTCCATCAAAATGACTAGA GAACAGAGTTCTTATAACATTATCTGTAAATGTTCCAACAAAACCACTACATAGCAGAGTTCTTATAACATTGTCTGTAAATGTC CAATCAAAACCACTACAGAACAAAGCTCCTATA

TABLE 5 Summary of Pedigree Leading to SRF Lines Line Gnrtn Pedigree Genotype Phtp Female Genotype 01SM001 M1F1 M143/96DHS60 Rf{circumflex over ( )}1rf/rfrf S SNH09984-M143 Rf{circumflex over ( )}1rf 01SM002 M1F1 M336/96DHS60 Rf{circumflex over ( )}2rf/rfrf S SNH09984-M336 Rf{circumflex over ( )}2rf 01SM005 M1F1 M662/96DHS60 Rf{circumflex over ( )}5rf/rfrf S SNH09984-M662 Rf{circumflex over ( )}5rf 02SM008 M2F1 01SM001-23/NS4302MC Rf{circumflex over ( )}1Rf/rfRf F 01SM0001-23 Rf{circumflex over ( )}1rf 02SM009 M2F1 01SM002-15/NS4302MC Rf{circumflex over ( )}2Rf/rfRf F 01SM0002-15 Rf{circumflex over ( )}2rf 02SM011 M2F1 01SM005-02/NS4302MC Rf{circumflex over ( )}5Rf/rfRf F 01SM0005-02 Rf{circumflex over ( )}5rf 02SM086 M3F1 96DHS60/02SM020)X Rf{circumflex over ( )}1rf/rfRf F 96DHS60 rfrf 02SM087 M3F1 96DHS60/02SM024)X Rf{circumflex over ( )}2rf/rfRf F 96DHS60 rfrf 02SM088 M3F1 96DHS60/02SM034)X Rf{circumflex over ( )}5rf/rfRf F 96DHS60 rfrf 03SM104 M3F2 02SM086)A6 rfrf/Rf{circumflex over ( )}1rf/Rf{circumflex over ( )}1Rf{circumflex over ( )}1 F 02SM086-16 Rf{circumflex over ( )}1rf 03SM113 M3F2 02SM087)7 rfrf/Rf{circumflex over ( )}2rf/Rf{circumflex over ( )}2Rf{circumflex over ( )}2 F 02SM087-07 Rf{circumflex over ( )}2rf 03SM118 M3F2 02SM088)9 rfrf/Rf{circumflex over ( )}5rf/Rf{circumflex over ( )}5Rf{circumflex over ( )}5 F 02SM088-09 Rf{circumflex over ( )}5rf 04SM140 M4F1 NS4304MC/03SM104)X Rf{circumflex over ( )}1Rf F NS4304MC RfRf 04SM141 M4F1 NS4304MC/03SM113)X Rf{circumflex over ( )}2Rf F NS4304MC RfRf 04SM142 M4F1 NS4304MC/03SM118)X Rf{circumflex over ( )}5Rf F NS4304MC RfRf 04SM166 M5F1 NS2173FC/04SM140)X rfRf{circumflex over ( )}1/rfRf/rfRf* S/F NS2173FC rfrf 04SM167 M5F1 NS2173FC/04SM141)X rfRf{circumflex over ( )}2/rfRf/rfRf* S/F NS2173FC rfrf 04SM168 M5F1 NS2173FC/04SM142)X rfRf{circumflex over ( )}5/rfRf/rfRf* S/F NS2173FC rfrf 05SM194 M6F2 04SM166)1439 rfrf/rfRf¹⁴³⁹/Rf¹⁴³⁹Rf¹⁴³⁹ S/F 04SM166-1439 rfRf¹⁴³⁹ 05SM197 M6F2 04SM166)1815 rfrf/rfRf¹⁸¹⁵/Rf¹⁸¹⁵Rf¹⁸¹⁵ S/F 04SM166-1815 rfRf¹⁸¹⁵ 05SM198 M6F2 04SM166)1931 rfrf/rfRf¹⁹³¹/Rf¹⁹³¹Rf¹⁹³¹ S/F 04SM166-1931 rfRf¹⁹³¹ 05SM205 M7BC0 04SM166-1439/NS1822BC rfrf/rfRf¹⁴³⁹ S/F NS1822FC rfrf 05SM208 M7BC0 04SM166-1815/NS1822BC rfrf/rfRf¹⁸¹⁵ S/F NS1822FC rfrf 05SM209 M7BC0 04SM166-1931/NS1822BC rfrf/rfRf¹⁹³¹ S/F NS1822FC rfrf 05SM234 M8BC1 NS1822FC/05SM205)X rfrf/rfRf¹⁴³⁹ S/F NS1822FC rfrf 05SM235 M8BC1 NS1822FC/05SM208)X rfrf/rfRf¹⁸¹⁵ S/F NS1822FC rfrf 05SM236 M8BC1 NS1822FC/05SM209)X rfrf/rfRf¹⁹³¹ S/F NS1822FC rfrf 06SM330 M9BC2 NS1822FC/05SM234)X rfrf/rfRf¹⁴³⁹ S/F NS1822FC rfrf 06SM331 M9BC2 NS1822FC/05SM235)X rfrf/rfRf¹⁸¹⁵ S/F NS1822FC rfrf 06SM332 M9BC2 NS1822FC/05SM236)X rfrf/rfRf¹⁹³¹ S/F NS1822FC rfrf 06SM341 M6DHS1 (05SM194DH)1 Rf¹⁴³⁹Rf¹⁴³⁹ F 05SM194DH1 Rf¹⁴³⁹Rf¹⁴³⁹ 06SM350 M6DHS1 (05SM197DH)i7 Rf¹⁸¹⁵Rf¹⁸¹⁵ F 05SM197DH97 Rf¹⁸¹⁵Rf¹⁸¹⁵ 06SM351 M6DHS1 (05SM198DH)1 Rf¹⁹³¹Rf¹⁹³¹ F 05SM198DH1 Rf¹⁹³¹Rf¹⁹³¹ 06SM399 M10BC3 NS1822FC/06SM330)X rfrf/rfRf¹⁴³⁹ S/F NS1822FC rfrf 06SM400 M10BC3 NS1822FC/06SM331)X rfrf/rfRf¹⁸¹⁵ S/F NS1822FC rfrf 06SM401 M10BC3 NS1822FC/06SM332)X rfrf/rfRf¹⁹³¹ S/F NS1822FC rfrf 06SM403 BC2S1 06SM330)X rfrf/rfRf¹⁴³⁹/Rf¹⁴³⁹Rf¹⁴³⁹ S/F 06SM330blk rfRf¹⁴³⁹ 06SM404 BC2S1 06SM331)X rfrf/rfRf¹⁸¹⁵/Rf¹⁸¹⁵Rf¹⁸¹⁵ S/F 06SM331blk rfRf¹⁸¹⁵ 06SM405 BC2S1 06SM332)X rfrf/rfRf¹⁹³¹/Rf¹⁹³¹Rf¹⁹³¹ S/F 06SM332blk rfRf¹⁹³¹ 06SM408 M6DHS2 06SM342)1 Rf¹⁴³⁹Rf¹⁴³⁹ F 06SM342-1 Rf¹⁴³⁹Rf¹⁴³⁹ 06SM410 M6DHS2 06SM350)1 Rf¹⁸¹⁵Rf¹⁸¹⁵ F 06SM350-1 Rf¹⁸¹⁵Rf¹⁸¹⁵ 06SM412 M6DHS2 06SM354)1 Rf¹⁹³¹Rf¹⁹³¹ F 06SM354-1 Rf¹⁹³¹Rf¹⁹³¹ 06SM414 M11BC4 NS1822FC/06SM399)X rfrf/rfRf¹⁴³⁹ S/F NS1822FC rfrf 06SM415 M11BC4 NS1822FC/06SM400)X rfrf/rfRf¹⁸¹⁵ S/F NS1822FC rfrf 06SM416 M11BC4 NS1822FC/06SM401)X rfrf/rfRf¹⁹³¹ S/F NS1822FC rfrf 06SM420 BC2S2 06SM403)3 Rf¹⁴³⁹Rf¹⁴³⁹ F 06SM403-3 Rf¹⁴³⁹Rf¹⁴³⁹ 06SM426 BC2S2 06SM404)2 Rf¹⁸¹⁵Rf¹⁸¹⁵ F 06SM404-2 Rf¹⁸¹⁵Rf¹⁸¹⁵ 06SM432 BC2S2 06SM405)7 Rf¹⁹³¹Rf¹⁹³¹ F 06SM405-7 Rf¹⁹³¹Rf¹⁹³¹ 06SM438 BC4S1 06SM414)X rfrf/rfRf¹⁴³⁹/Rf¹⁴³⁹Rf¹⁴³⁹ S/F 06SM414blk rfRf¹⁴³⁹ 06SM439 BC4S1 06SM415)X rfrf/rfRf¹⁸¹⁵/Rf¹⁸¹⁵Rf¹⁸¹⁵ S/F 06SM415blk rfRf¹⁸¹⁵ 06SM440 BC4S1 06SM416)X rfrf/rfRf¹⁹³¹/Rf¹⁹³¹Rf¹⁹³¹ S/F 06SM416blk rfRf¹⁹³¹ 07SM441 BC4S2 06SM438)X Rf¹⁴³⁹Rf¹⁴³⁹ F 06SM438blk Rf¹⁴³⁹Rf¹⁴³⁹ 07SM442 BC4S2 06SM439)X Rf¹⁸¹⁵Rf¹⁸¹⁵ F 06SM439blk Rf¹⁸¹⁵Rf¹⁸¹⁵ 07SM443 BC4S2 06SM440)X Rf¹⁹³¹Rf¹⁹³¹ F 06SM440blk Rf¹⁹³¹Rf¹⁹³¹ Marker Line Male Genotype Y5N OPC2 RMB12 RMA07 CMS 01SM001 96DHS60 rfrf + ± − − + 01SM002 96DHS60 rfrf + ± − ± + 01SM005 96DHS60 rfrf + − − ± + 02SM008 NS4302MC RfRf ± + + + + 02SM009 NS4302MC RfRf ± + + + + 02SM011 NS4302MC RfRf ± + + + + 02SM086 02SM008-6 Rf{circumflex over ( )}1Rf + + ± ± − 02SM087 02SM009-6 Rf{circumflex over ( )}2Rf + + ± + − 02SM088 02SM011-7 Rf{circumflex over ( )}5Rf + ± ± + − 03SM104 02SM086-16 Rf{circumflex over ( )}1rf ± + − − − 03SM113 02SM087-07 Rf{circumflex over ( )}2rf ± + − + − 03SM118 02SM088-09 Rf{circumflex over ( )}5rf ± − − + − 04SM140 03SM104blk Rf{circumflex over ( )}1Rf{circumflex over ( )}1 − + + + + 04SM141 03SM113blk Rf{circumflex over ( )}2Rf{circumflex over ( )}2 − + + + + 04SM142 03SM118blk Rf{circumflex over ( )}5Rf{circumflex over ( )}5 − + + + + 04SM166 04SM140blk Rf{circumflex over ( )}1Rf + + ± ± + 04SM167 04SM141blk Rf{circumflex over ( )}2Rf + + ± + + 04SM168 04SM142blk Rf{circumflex over ( )}5Rf + ± ± + + 05SM194 04SM166-1439 rfRf¹⁴³⁹ ± − ± − + 05SM197 04SM166-1815 rfRf¹⁸¹⁵ ± − ± − + 05SM198 04SM166-1931 rfRf¹⁹³¹ ± − ± − + 05SM205 04SM166-1439 rfRf¹⁴³⁹ ± − ± − + 05SM208 04SM166-1815 rfRf¹⁸¹⁵ ± − ± − + 05SM209 04SM166-1931 rfRf¹⁹³¹ ± − ± − + 05SM234 05SM205blk rfRf¹⁴³⁹ ± − ± − + 05SM235 05SM208blk rfRf¹⁸¹⁵ ± − ± − + 05SM236 05SM209blk rfRf¹⁹³¹ ± − ± − + 06SM330 05SM234blk rfRf¹⁴³⁹ ± − ± − + 06SM331 05SM235blk rfRf¹⁸¹⁵ ± − ± − + 06SM332 05SM236blk rfRf¹⁹³¹ ± − ± − + 06SM341 05SM194DH1 Rf¹⁴³⁹Rf¹⁴³⁹ − − + − + 06SM350 05SM197DH97 Rf¹⁸¹⁵Rf¹⁸¹⁵ − − + − + 06SM351 05SM198DH1 Rf¹⁹³¹Rf¹⁹³¹ − − + − + 06SM399 06SM330blk rfRf¹⁴³⁹ ± − ± − + 06SM400 06SM331blk rfRf¹⁸¹⁵ ± − ± − + 06SM401 06SM332blk rfRf¹⁹³¹ ± − ± − + 06SM403 06SM330blk rfRf¹⁴³⁹ ± − ± − + 06SM404 06SM331blk rfRf¹⁸¹⁵ ± − ± − + 06SM405 06SM332blk rfRf¹⁹³¹ ± − ± − + 06SM408 06SM342-1 Rf¹⁴³⁹Rf¹⁴³⁹ − − + − + 06SM410 06SM350-1 Rf¹⁸¹⁵Rf¹⁸¹⁵ − − + − + 06SM412 06SM354-1 Rf¹⁹³¹Rf¹⁹³¹ − − + − + 06SM414 06SM399blk rfRf¹⁴³⁹ ± − ± − + 06SM415 06SM400blk rfRf¹⁸¹⁵ ± − ± − + 06SM416 06SM401blk rfRf¹⁹³¹ ± − ± − + 06SM420 06SM403-3 Rf¹⁴³⁹Rf¹⁴³⁹ − − + − + 06SM426 06SM404-2 Rf¹⁸¹⁵Rf¹⁸¹⁵ − − + − + 06SM432 06SM405-7 Rf¹⁹³¹Rf¹⁹³¹ − − + − + 06SM438 06SM414blk rfRf¹⁴³⁹ ± − ± − + 06SM439 06SM415blk rfRf¹⁸¹⁵ ± − ± − + 06SM440 06SM416blk rfRf¹⁹³¹ ± − ± − + 07SM441 06SM438blk Rf¹⁴³⁹Rf¹⁴³⁹ − − + − + 07SM442 06SM439blk Rf¹⁸¹⁵Rf¹⁸¹⁵ − − + − + 07SM443 06SM440blk Rf¹⁹³¹Rf¹⁹³¹ − − + − + 

1. A Brassica plant comprising a fertility gene for Ogura cytoplasmic male sterility, wherein the fertility gene is on a Raphanus fragment introgressed from Raphanus sativa, and the Raphanus fragment lacks a marker selected from the group consisting of RMA01, RMA02, RMA03, RMA04, RMA05, RMA06, RMA07, RMA08, RMA09, RMA10, RMC24, OPC2, RMC25, RMC26, RMC27, RMC28, RMC29, RMC30, RMC31, RMC32 and RMC33.
 2. The Brassica plant of claim 1 wherein the Raphanus fragment lacks the OPC2 marker.
 3. The Brassica plant of claim 1 wherein the Raphanus fragment comprises a molecular marker selected from the group consisting of RMB01, E35M62, RMB02, RMB03, RMB04, RMB05, RMB06, RMB07, RMB08, RMB09, RMB10, OPF10, RMB11, RMB12, RMC01, RMC02, RMC03, E38M60, RMC04, RMC05, RMC06, RMC07, RMC08, RMC17, RMC18, RMC19, RMC20, RMC21, RMC22 and RMC23.
 4. (canceled)
 5. (canceled)
 6. The Brassica plant of claim 3 designated R1439, representative seed of which have been deposited under NCIMB Accession Number 41510, or a descendent or a plant produced by crossing R1439 with a second plant.
 7. A progeny or descendent plant of the Brassica plant of claim 6, wherein the progeny or descendent plant comprises a Raphanus fragment which lacks a marker selected from the group consisting of RMA01, RMA02, RMA03, RMA04, RMA05, RMA06, RMA07, RMA08, RMA09, RMA10, RMC09, RMC10, RMC11, RMC12, RMC13, RMC14, RMC15, RMC16, RMC24, OPC2, RMC25, RMC26, RMC27, RMC28, RMC29, RMC30, RMC31, RMC32 and RMC33. 8-14. (canceled)
 15. A plant cell from the Brassica plant of claim
 1. 16. A part of the Brassica plant of claim
 1. 17-41. (canceled)
 42. A Brassica plant comprising the recombination event of R1439. 43-44. (canceled) 